Ponsone Ma Lorena, Combina Mariana, Dalcero Ana, Chulze Sofía
Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional No 36 Km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2007 Mar 10;114(2):131-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.07.001. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
The evolution of contamination with Aspergillus section Nigri and ochratoxin A occurrence was evaluated in four vineyards located at Mendoza province, Argentina during 2003-2004. The survey included two grape varieties, one of late maturation (Bonarda) and the other of early maturation (Tempranillo). The vineyards were set under non-organic and organic cropping systems. Bunches of grapes at different growth stages were collected, and berries (50 by sample) were plated on Petri dishes containing Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar (DG18) and Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (DRBC) media. After an incubation period of 7 days at 25 degrees C+/-1 degrees C, the mycoflora belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri was identified. The ability to produce ochratoxin A (OTA) by the potential ochratoxigenic species was evaluated on YES (2% yeast extract, 15% sucrose) medium. The cultures were incubated at 30 degrees C+/-1 degrees C for 10 days in darkness. The OTA content of the grapes was determined by HPLC. Through the different growth stages, from setting to harvest, grape contamination by the Aspergillus species, section Nigri increased. The main species isolated belonged to the A. niger aggregate. From 246 strains evaluated 24% was ochratoxigenic. OTA was not detected in grapes during the survey.
2003 - 2004年期间，对位于阿根廷门多萨省的四个葡萄园里黑曲霉属污染的演变及赭曲霉毒素A的出现情况进行了评估。调查涵盖了两个葡萄品种，一个是晚熟品种（博纳达），另一个是早熟品种（丹魄）。这些葡萄园采用非有机和有机种植系统。采集了处于不同生长阶段的葡萄串，每个样本取50颗浆果接种在含有18%甘油二氯苯胺琼脂（DG18）和孟加拉红氯霉素二氯苯胺琼脂（DRBC）培养基的培养皿上。在25℃±1℃下培养7天后，鉴定属于黑曲霉属的真菌区系。在酵母提取物蔗糖培养基（YES，2%酵母提取物，15%蔗糖）上评估潜在产赭曲霉毒素物种产生赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）的能力。培养物在30℃±1℃黑暗条件下培养10天。通过高效液相色谱法测定葡萄中的OTA含量。在从坐果到收获的不同生长阶段，葡萄被黑曲霉属物种污染的情况有所增加。分离出的主要物种属于黑曲霉复合体。在评估的246个菌株中，24%具有产赭曲霉毒素的能力。在调查期间葡萄中未检测到OTA。
