记忆在过去测试中对实践效应信心不足方面的作用。
The role of memory for past test in the underconfidence with practice effect.
作者信息
Finn Bridgid, Metcalfe Janet
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
出版信息
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2007 Jan;33(1):238-44. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.1.238.
According to the Memory for Past Test (MPT) heuristic, judgments of learning (JOLs) may be based, in part, on memory for the correctness of answers on a previous test. The authors explored MPT as the source of the underconfidence with practice effect (UWP; A. Koriat, L. Sheffer, & H. Ma'ayan, 2002), whereby Trial 1 overconfidence switches to underconfidence by Trial 2. Immediate and delayed JOLs were contrasted because only immediate JOLs demonstrate UWP. Consistent with MPT for immediate JOLs, Trial 1 test performance better predicted Trial 2 JOLs than did Trial 2 test performance. Delayed JOLs showed the reverse. Furthermore, items forgotten on Trial 1 but remembered on Trial 2 contributed disproportionately to UWP, but only with immediate JOLs.
根据过往测试记忆（MPT）启发式方法，学习判断（JOLs）可能部分基于对先前测试中答案正确性的记忆。作者探究了MPT作为实践效应导致的信心不足（UWP；A.科里亚特、L.谢弗和H.马亚恩，2002）的根源，即从第一次试验的过度自信在第二次试验时转变为信心不足。对即时和延迟的JOLs进行了对比，因为只有即时JOLs表现出UWP。与即时JOLs的MPT一致，第一次试验的测试表现比第二次试验的测试表现能更好地预测第二次试验的JOLs。延迟JOLs则呈现相反情况。此外，在第一次试验中被遗忘但在第二次试验中被记住的项目对UWP的影响 disproportionately ，但仅在即时JOLs中如此。 （注：disproportionately这个词在中文语境中较难找到完全对应的简洁词汇，这里保留英文以便准确传达原文意思）
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