Bergmann Dominique C, Sack Fred D
Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2007;58:163-81. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.104023.
Stomata are cellular epidermal valves in plants central to gas exchange and biosphere productivity. The pathways controlling their formation are best understood for Arabidopsis thaliana where stomata are produced through a series of divisions in a dispersed stem cell compartment. The stomatal pathway is an accessible system for analyzing core developmental processes including position-dependent patterning via intercellular signaling and the regulation of the balance between proliferation and cell specification. This review synthesizes what is known about the mechanisms and genes underlying stomatal development. We contrast the functions of genes that act earlier in the pathway, including receptors, kinases, and proteases, with those that act later in the cell lineage. In addition, we discuss the relationships between environmental signals, stomatal development genes, and the capacity for controlling shoot gas exchange.
气孔是植物中的细胞表皮阀门，对气体交换和生物圈生产力至关重要。对于拟南芥，控制其形成的途径了解得最为透彻，在拟南芥中，气孔是通过分散的干细胞区室中的一系列分裂产生的。气孔途径是一个易于分析核心发育过程的系统，这些过程包括通过细胞间信号传导进行的位置依赖性模式形成以及增殖与细胞特化之间平衡的调节。本综述综合了关于气孔发育潜在机制和基因的已知信息。我们对比了在该途径中早期起作用的基因（包括受体、激酶和蛋白酶）与在细胞谱系中晚期起作用的基因的功能。此外，我们还讨论了环境信号、气孔发育基因以及控制地上部气体交换能力之间的关系。
