Thompson Cynthia K
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3540, USA.
Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2007 Feb;16(1):3-5. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/002).
To introduce a Clinical Forum focused on the Complexity Account of Treatment Efficacy (C. K. Thompson, L. P. Shapiro, S. Kiran, & J. Sobecks, 2003), a counterintuitive but effective approach for treating language disorders. This approach espouses training complex structures to promote generalized improvement of simpler, linguistically related structures. Three articles are included, addressing complexity in treatment of phonology, lexical-semantics, and syntax.
Complexity hierarchies based on models of normal language representation and processing are discussed in each language domain. In addition, each article presents single-subject controlled experimental studies examining the complexity effect. By counterbalancing treatment of complex and simple structures across participants, acquisition and generalization patterns are examined as they emerge.
In all language domains, cascading generalization occurs from more to less complex structures; however, the opposite pattern is rarely seen. The results are robust, with replication within and across participants.
The construct of complexity appears to be a general principle that is relevant to treating a range of language disorders in both children and adults. While challenging the long-standing clinical notion that treatment should begin with simple structures, mounting evidence points toward the facilitative effects of using more complex structures as a starting point for treatment.
介绍一个临床论坛，该论坛聚焦于治疗效果的复杂性理论（C.K.汤普森、L.P.夏皮罗、S.基兰和J.索贝克，2003年），这是一种治疗语言障碍的反直觉但有效的方法。这种方法主张训练复杂结构，以促进更简单的、语言相关结构的普遍改善。包含三篇文章，分别探讨语音学、词汇语义学和句法治疗中的复杂性。
在每个语言领域中讨论基于正常语言表征和处理模型的复杂性层次结构。此外，每篇文章都呈现了单受试者对照实验研究，以检验复杂性效应。通过在参与者之间平衡复杂结构和简单结构的治疗，研究习得和泛化模式的出现情况。
在所有语言领域中，从更复杂到较不复杂的结构会出现级联泛化；然而，相反的模式很少见。结果很稳健，在参与者内部和参与者之间都有重复。
复杂性这一概念似乎是一个普遍原则，与治疗儿童和成人的一系列语言障碍相关。虽然这挑战了治疗应从简单结构开始这一长期存在的临床观念，但越来越多的证据表明，以更复杂的结构作为治疗起点具有促进作用。
