Boonstra T W, Stins J F, Daffertshofer A, Beek P J
Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007 Apr;64(7-8):934-46. doi: 10.1007/s00018-007-6457-8.
Sleep deprivation has a broad variety of effects on human performance and neural functioning that manifest themselves at different levels of description. On a macroscopic level, sleep deprivation mainly affects executive functions, especially in novel tasks. Macroscopic and mesoscopic effects of sleep deprivation on brain activity include reduced cortical responsiveness to incoming stimuli, reflecting reduced attention. On a microscopic level, sleep deprivation is associated with increased levels of adenosine, a neuromodulator that has a general inhibitory effect on neural activity. The inhibition of cholinergic nuclei appears particularly relevant, as the associated decrease in cortical acetylcholine seems to cause effects of sleep deprivation on macroscopic brain activity. In general, however, the relationships between the neural effects of sleep deprivation across observation scales are poorly understood and uncovering these relationships should be a primary target in future research.
睡眠剥夺对人类表现和神经功能有广泛的影响，这些影响在不同的描述层面上显现出来。在宏观层面，睡眠剥夺主要影响执行功能，尤其是在新任务中。睡眠剥夺对大脑活动的宏观和介观影响包括皮质对传入刺激的反应性降低，这反映了注意力的下降。在微观层面，睡眠剥夺与腺苷水平升高有关，腺苷是一种对神经活动具有普遍抑制作用的神经调质。胆碱能核的抑制似乎尤为重要，因为皮质乙酰胆碱的相关减少似乎会导致睡眠剥夺对宏观大脑活动的影响。然而，一般来说，跨观察尺度的睡眠剥夺神经效应之间的关系仍知之甚少，揭示这些关系应该是未来研究的主要目标。
