Brandes Mirko, Elvers Sebastian
1Unit Applied Health Intervention Research, Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS GmbH, Bremen, Germany; and2Institute of Sports Science, Oldenburg University, Oldenburg, Germany.
J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Oct;31(10):2652-2658. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001717.
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of mild vs. strongly pushed coach feedback on the physiological response, ratio of perceived exertion (RPE), and time-motion characteristics in soccer training with small-sided games (SSGs). Sixteen elite youth soccer players (aged 17.2 ± 0.7 years, V[Combining Dot Above]O2max 62.1 ± 3.8 ml·kg·min) played two 4 vs. 4 small-sided games each. In random order, the coach provided a mild, unobtrusive, or a strongly pushed feedback throughout the game. Physiological measurements included heart rate expressed in mean values and intensity zones, blood lactate concentration, and RPE. The distance traveled, number of sprints, and work:rest ratio were captured by global positioning systems at 5 Hz. Game performance, such as volume of play and efficacy index, was estimated using the Team Sports Assessment Procedure. No differences were found for the physiological response and time-motion characteristics, but effect sizes demonstrated an increase in RPE (+0.4, p = 0.27) and a decrease in game performance (e.g., volume of play, -2.5, p = 0.08) under pushed feedback. Although a pushed feedback raises RPE, it negatively affected the players' game performance, without necessarily provoking higher physiological responses. These results should help coaches to understand that modifying the type of feedback provided during SSG does not impact the physiological response if SSG are already played with high intensity but that the feedback affects RPE and game performance. To keep a better game performance, soccer coaches are encouraged to provide smooth feedback during SSG.
本研究的目的是确定在小型足球比赛（SSG）的足球训练中，温和型与强力型教练反馈对生理反应、主观用力程度（RPE）比率以及时间-运动特征的影响。16名精英青年足球运动员（年龄17.2±0.7岁，最大摄氧量62.1±3.8 ml·kg·min）每人进行两场4对4的小型比赛。教练在比赛过程中随机提供温和、不显眼的反馈或强力型反馈。生理测量包括以平均值和强度区间表示的心率、血乳酸浓度和RPE。通过全球定位系统以5Hz的频率记录跑动距离、冲刺次数和工作-休息比率。使用团队运动评估程序估算比赛表现，如比赛量和效率指数。在生理反应和时间-运动特征方面未发现差异，但效应量表明在强力型反馈下RPE有所增加（+0.4，p = 0.27），比赛表现有所下降（如比赛量，-2.5，p = 0.08）。尽管强力型反馈会提高RPE，但它对球员的比赛表现有负面影响，不一定会引发更高的生理反应。这些结果应有助于教练理解，如果SSG已经在高强度下进行，改变SSG期间提供的反馈类型不会影响生理反应，但反馈会影响RPE和比赛表现。为了保持更好的比赛表现，鼓励足球教练在SSG期间提供温和的反馈。
