Akerström Thorbjörn C A, Pedersen Bente K
Department of Infectious Diseases and Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sports Med. 2007;37(4-5):416-9. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737040-00037.
Marathoners are at an increased risk of developing upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) following races and periods of hard training, which are associated with temporary changes in the immune system. The majority of the reported changes are decreases in function or concentration of certain immune cells. During this period of immune suppression, by some referred to as an 'open window' in immune function, it has been hypothesised that viruses and bacteria might gain a foothold, which would increase the risk of infections. In light of this, nutritional interventions that can enhance immune function and reduce the risk of URTIs have been sought. This paper focuses on the effect of glutamine, vitamin C, bovine colostrum and glucose. Although, some of these supplements can affect the physiological and immune changes associated with marathon racing, none of the supplements discussed have consistently been shown to reduce the risk of URTIs and therefore cannot be recommended for use as enhancers of immune function in marathon runners.
马拉松运动员在比赛后以及高强度训练期间患 上呼吸道感染（URTIs）的风险会增加，这与免疫系统的暂时变化有关。报告的大多数变化是某些免疫细胞的功能或浓度下降。在这段免疫抑制期，有人将其称为免疫功能的“窗口期”，据推测病毒和细菌可能会趁机而入，从而增加感染风险。鉴于此，人们一直在寻找能够增强免疫功能并降低上呼吸道感染风险的营养干预措施。本文重点关注谷氨酰胺、维生素C、牛初乳和葡萄糖的作用。尽管这些补充剂中的一些可以影响与马拉松比赛相关的生理和免疫变化，但所讨论的补充剂中没有一种能始终如一地降低上呼吸道感染的风险，因此不建议将其用作马拉松运动员免疫功能的增强剂。
