深入探究：关于无意识印象形成的运作
Taking a closer look: On the operation of nonconscious impression formation.
作者信息
Mc Culloch Kathleen C, Ferguson Melissa J, Kawada Christie C K, Bargh John A
机构信息
University of Florida.
出版信息
J Exp Soc Psychol. 2008 May;44(3):614-523. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2007.02.001.
In this article we analyzed the information processing that underlies nonconscious impression formation. In the first experiment, the nonconscious activation of the impression formation goal led to a faster analysis of the trait implications of behaviors, compared with a control group. In Experiment 2, participants who were nonconsciously primed with an impression formation goal were more likely than those in a control condition to form associations in memory between behaviors and implied traits. In Experiment 3, nonconsciously primed participants were more sensitive than those in a control condition to whether inconsistent trait information was relevant or irrelevant to the actor's disposition. Moreover, in Experiments 2 and 3, those with a nonconscious goal showed just as much evidence of impression formation as those who were consciously and intentionally trying to form an impression. Implications for nonconscious goal pursuit and impression formation are discussed.
在本文中，我们分析了无意识印象形成背后的信息处理过程。在第一个实验中，与对照组相比，印象形成目标的无意识激活导致对行为特质含义的分析更快。在实验2中，被无意识地启动了印象形成目标的参与者比处于控制条件下的参与者更有可能在记忆中形成行为与隐含特质之间的关联。在实验3中，被无意识启动的参与者比处于控制条件下的参与者对不一致的特质信息与行为者的性情是否相关更为敏感。此外，在实验2和实验3中，有无意识目标的参与者与有意识、有目的地试图形成印象的参与者一样，都有形成印象的证据。本文还讨论了无意识目标追求和印象形成的意义。
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