Connor Nadine P, Cohen Stacy B, Theis Shannon M, Thibeault Susan L, Heatley Diane G, Bless Diane M
Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
J Voice. 2008 Mar;22(2):197-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.09.005. Epub 2007 May 18.
Because voice disorders in childhood may have a negative impact on communicative effectiveness, social development, and self-esteem, the objective was to determine the impact of voice disorders on lives of children from the perspective of chronically dysphonic children and their parents. This study consisted of focused interviews with chronically dysphonic children and their caregivers. Focused interviews were conducted with 10 children in each of the following age groups: Toddler (2-4 years old), Young Child (5-7 years old), School-Aged Child (8-12 years old), and Adolescent (13-18 years old). Interview questions were formulated to elicit attitudes in the following conceptual domains: emotional, social/functional, and physical. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to systematic qualitative analyses that identified common themes within each age group for each conceptual domain. For Toddlers, interviews relied heavily on parents and the biggest concerns were found in the physical and functional domains. Young Children expressed that their biggest issues related to voice were physical ("run out of air," "sometimes voice does not work"). Ninety percent of Young Children were repeatedly asked to use a quieter voice. Emotional factors and physical factors were prominent in the interviews of School-Aged Children and Adolescents. Children and Adolescents often felt that their dysphonic voice received undue attention and also limited their participation in important events. Anger, sadness, and frustration were also expressed. Chronic dysphonia negatively affects the lives of children. This work will serve as the basis for development of a valid, reliable, and age-appropriate measure of voice-related quality of life in children.
由于儿童期嗓音障碍可能会对沟通效果、社交发展和自尊产生负面影响，因此本研究的目的是从长期嗓音障碍儿童及其父母的角度，确定嗓音障碍对儿童生活的影响。本研究包括对长期嗓音障碍儿童及其照料者进行的重点访谈。对以下每个年龄组的10名儿童进行了重点访谈：幼儿（2至4岁）、低龄儿童（5至7岁）、学龄儿童（8至12岁）和青少年（13至18岁）。所拟定的访谈问题旨在引出以下概念领域的态度：情感、社会/功能和身体。访谈内容被转录并进行系统的定性分析，以确定每个年龄组在每个概念领域中的共同主题。对于幼儿，访谈很大程度上依赖于父母，最大的担忧出现在身体和功能领域。低龄儿童表示，他们与嗓音相关的最大问题是身体方面的（“没气了”，“有时嗓音发不出来”）。90%的低龄儿童被反复要求使用更安静的嗓音。情感因素和身体因素在学龄儿童和青少年的访谈中较为突出。儿童和青少年经常觉得他们嗓音障碍的嗓音受到了过度关注，这也限制了他们参与重要活动。他们还表达了愤怒、悲伤和沮丧之情。慢性嗓音障碍对儿童的生活产生负面影响。这项工作将作为开发一种有效、可靠且适合儿童年龄的嗓音相关生活质量测量方法的基础。
