Blanco Guillermo, Lemus Jesús A, Grande Javier, Gangoso Laura, Grande Juan M, Donázar José A, Arroyo Bernardo, Frías Oscar, Hiraldo Fernando
Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Environ Microbiol. 2007 Jul;9(7):1738-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01291.x.
The impact on wildlife health of the increase in the use of antimicrobial agents with the intensification of livestock production remains unknown. The composition, richness and prevalence of cloacal microflora as well as bacterial resistance to antibiotics in nestlings and full-grown Egyptian vultures Neophron percnopterus were assessed in four areas of Spain in which the degree of farming intensification differs. Differences in diet composition, especially the role of stabled livestock carrion, appear to govern the similarities of bacterial flora composition among continental populations, while the insular vulture population (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands) showed differences attributed to isolation. Evidence of a positive relationship between the consumption of stabled livestock carrion and bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics was found. Bacterial resistance was high for semisynthetic penicillins and enrofloxacin, especially in the area with the most intensive stabled livestock production. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was similar for the different bacterial species within each area. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics may be determined by resistance of bacteria present in the livestock meat remains that constituted the food of this species, as indicated by the fact that resistance to each antibiotic was correlated in Escherichia coli isolated from swine carrion and Egyptian vulture nestlings. In addition, resistance in normal faecal bacteria (present in the microflora of both livestock and vultures) was higher than in Staphylococcus epidermidis, a species indicator of the transient flora acquired presumably through the consumption of wild rabbits. Potential negative effects of the use of antimicrobials in livestock farming included the direct ingestion of these drug residues and the effects of bacterial antibiotic resistance on the health of scavengers.
随着畜牧业生产集约化，抗菌剂使用增加对野生动物健康的影响尚不清楚。在西班牙四个农业集约化程度不同的地区，评估了雏鸟和成年埃及秃鹫（Neophron percnopterus）泄殖腔微生物群的组成、丰富度和流行率以及细菌对抗生素的耐药性。饮食组成的差异，尤其是圈养牲畜尸体的作用，似乎决定了大陆种群间细菌菌群组成的相似性，而岛屿秃鹫种群（加那利群岛富埃特文图拉岛）则因隔离而表现出差异。发现圈养牲畜尸体的摄入量与对多种抗生素的细菌耐药性之间存在正相关关系。半合成青霉素和恩诺沙星的细菌耐药性很高，尤其是在圈养牲畜生产最集约化的地区。每个地区内不同细菌物种的抗生素耐药模式相似。对这种物种食物来源的牲畜肉残骸中存在的细菌耐药性，可能决定了该物种对抗生素的细菌耐药性，从猪尸体和埃及秃鹫雏鸟分离出的大肠杆菌中对每种抗生素的耐药性呈相关性这一事实即可看出。此外，正常粪便细菌（存在于牲畜和秃鹫的微生物群中）的耐药性高于表皮葡萄球菌，表皮葡萄球菌是一种可能通过食用野兔获得的短暂菌群的指示物种。畜牧业中使用抗菌剂的潜在负面影响包括直接摄入这些药物残留以及细菌抗生素耐药性对食腐动物健康的影响。
