Zhang Minsi, Song Yu, Cai Xuhui, Zhou Jun
Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
J Environ Manage. 2008 Sep;88(4):947-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.04.019. Epub 2007 Jun 15.
With China's rapid economic development, environmental problems have become more and more serious. Particulate air pollution is terrible in cities with large and dense population. It may lead to adverse health effects and economic costs. In this study, we calculated the health effects of pollution caused by particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 microm (PM(10)) in 111 Chinese cities in 2004 according to statistical data and epidemiological exposure-response functions. Using economic burden of disease analysis, an economic assessment of these health risks was also presented. In contrast to many previous studies that have examined individual cities, this study covered most large and medium-sized cities in China, which accounted for more than 70% gross domestic product (GDP) of China in 2004. The total economic cost caused by PM(10) pollution was estimated as approximately USD 29,178.7 million. Mega cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin contribute relatively more to the total costs. The results will help policy makers in formulating more effective countermeasures and increasing public awareness to enhance environmental protection.
随着中国经济的快速发展，环境问题日益严峻。在人口众多且密集的城市中，空气中的颗粒物污染十分严重。这可能会对健康产生不利影响并造成经济损失。在本研究中，我们根据统计数据和流行病学暴露-反应函数，计算了2004年中国111个城市中空气动力学直径小于10微米的颗粒物（PM10）污染所造成的健康影响。通过疾病经济负担分析，我们还对这些健康风险进行了经济评估。与之前许多针对单个城市的研究不同，本研究涵盖了中国大多数大中型城市，这些城市在2004年占中国国内生产总值（GDP）的70%以上。据估计，PM10污染造成的总经济成本约为291.787亿美元。北京、上海和天津等特大城市在总成本中所占比例相对较高。研究结果将有助于政策制定者制定更有效的应对措施，并提高公众的环保意识。
