Kenny David A, West Tessa V, Cillessen Antonius H N, Coie John D, Dodge Kenneth A, Hubbard Julie A, Schwartz David
Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, CT 06269-1020, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2007 Sep;33(9):1225-36. doi: 10.1177/0146167207303026. Epub 2007 Jun 15.
Perceivers are both accurate and biased in their understanding of others. Past research has distinguished between three types of accuracy: generalized accuracy, a perceiver's accuracy about how a target interacts with others in general; perceiver accuracy, a perceiver's view of others corresponding with how the perceiver is treated by others in general; and dyadic accuracy, a perceiver's accuracy about a target when interacting with that target. Researchers have proposed that there should be more dyadic than other forms of accuracy among well-acquainted individuals because of the pragmatic utility of forecasting the behavior of interaction partners. We examined behavioral aggression among well-acquainted peers. A total of 116 9-year-old boys rated how aggressive their classmates were toward other classmates. Subsequently, 11 groups of 6 boys each interacted in play groups, during which observations of aggression were made. Analyses indicated strong generalized accuracy yet little dyadic and perceiver accuracy.
感知者在对他人的理解上既准确又有偏差。过去的研究区分了三种准确性：一般准确性，即感知者对目标总体上如何与他人互动的准确程度；感知者准确性，即感知者对他人的看法与他人总体上如何对待该感知者的对应程度；以及二元准确性，即感知者在与目标互动时对目标的准确程度。研究人员提出，在彼此熟悉的个体中，二元准确性应该比其他形式的准确性更高，因为预测互动伙伴行为具有实用价值。我们研究了彼此熟悉的同龄人之间的行为攻击性。共有116名9岁男孩对他们的同学对其他同学的攻击性进行了评分。随后，11组每组6名男孩在游戏小组中互动，在此期间对攻击性进行了观察。分析表明存在很强的一般准确性，但二元准确性和感知者准确性较低。
