Calderón Rosario, Lodeiro Rosa, Varela Tito A, Fariña José, Ambrosio Beatriz, Guitard Evelyne, González-Martín Antonio, Dugoujon Jean M
Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
BMC Genet. 2007 Jun 27;8:37. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-8-37.
The current genetic structure of Iberian populations has presumably been affected by the complex orography of its territory, the different people and civilizations that settled there, its ancient and complex history, the diverse and persistent sociocultural patterns in its different regions, and also by the effects of the Iberian Peninsula representing a refugium area after the last glacial maximum. This paper presents the first data on GM and KM immunoglobulin allotypes in the Galician population and, thus, provides further insights into the extent of genetic diversity in populations settled in the geographic extremes of the Cantabrian region of northern Spain. Furthermore, the genetic relationships of Galicians with other European populations have been investigated.
Galician population shows a genetic profile for GM haplotypes that is defined by the high presence of the European Mediterranean GM3 23 5 haplotype, and the relatively high incidence of the African marker GM1,17 23' 5. Data based on comparisons between Galician and other Spanish populations (mainly from the north of the peninsula) reveal a poor correlation between geographic and genetic distances (r = 0.30, P = 0.105), a noticeable but variable genetic distances between Galician and Basque subpopulations, and a rather close genetic affinity between Galicia and Valencia, populations which are geographically separated by a long distance and have quite dissimilar cultures and histories. Interestingly, Galicia occupies a central position in the European genetic map, despite being geographically placed at one extreme of the European continent, while displaying a close genetic proximity to Portugal, a finding that is consistent with their shared histories over centuries.
These findings suggest that the population of Galicia is the result of a relatively balanced mixture of European populations or of the ancestral populations that gave rise to them. This would support the importance of the migratory movements that have taken place in Europe over the course of recent human history and their effects on the European genetic landscape.
伊比利亚人群当前的基因结构可能受到其领土复杂的地形、在此定居的不同民族和文明、其古老而复杂的历史、不同地区多样且持久的社会文化模式的影响，同时也受到伊比利亚半岛在末次盛冰期后作为避难区的影响。本文展示了加利西亚人群中GM和KM免疫球蛋白同种异型的首批数据，从而进一步深入了解定居在西班牙北部坎塔布里亚地区地理极端区域的人群的基因多样性程度。此外，还研究了加利西亚人与其他欧洲人群的基因关系。
加利西亚人群显示出GM单倍型的基因特征，其特点是欧洲地中海GM3 23 5单倍型高度存在，以及非洲标记GM1,17 23' 5的相对高发生率。基于加利西亚人与其他西班牙人群（主要来自半岛北部）比较的数据显示，地理距离与基因距离之间的相关性较差（r = 0.30，P = 0.105），加利西亚亚群与巴斯克亚群之间存在明显但可变的基因距离，而加利西亚与瓦伦西亚之间存在相当密切的基因亲和力，这两个群体在地理上相距甚远，文化和历史也截然不同。有趣的是，加利西亚在欧洲基因图谱中占据中心位置，尽管在地理上位于欧洲大陆的一端，同时与葡萄牙显示出密切的基因接近性，这一发现与它们几个世纪以来共享的历史一致。
这些发现表明，加利西亚人群是欧洲人群或产生这些人群的祖先人群相对平衡混合的结果。这将支持近代人类历史进程中欧洲发生的迁徙运动的重要性及其对欧洲基因格局的影响。
