Tønseth Kim Alexander
Plastikkirurgisk avdeling, Sykehuset Telemark, 3710 Skien.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2007 Jun 28;127(13):1777-8.
Stinging jelly fish are found in most open waters and may vary in size from a few millimetres to many meters. Periodically they are found in large numbers and contact with people occurs frequently. Reactions may vary from mild skin rash to life-threatening symptoms.
This article is based on the author's clinical experience and search of current literature on Medline and www.google.com using the following keywords; jellyfish sting, nematocyst, skin, allergy, health damage.
Contact with stinging jellyfish on the Norwegian coast lead to minor skin rashes that usually disappear within a few hours. Contact with species in tropical seawater or with jellyfish in general by children or allergic persons may result in serious systemic reactions and permanent skin lesions. It is important in such cases to rinse the affected area carefully with seawater or vinegar, which inactivates the toxins. Patients with systemic reactions must be observed or hospitalized. The skin rash may be covered with topical anaesthetics. Analgesics, antihistamines and steroids are options if vigorous local reactions occur. Infection and hypertrophic scarring is managed according to general guidelines. Hyperpigmentation may be removed with topical bleaching agents.
大多数开阔海域都能发现刺胞水母，其大小从几毫米到数米不等。它们会周期性大量出现，与人类的接触也很频繁。反应可能从轻微的皮疹到危及生命的症状不等。
本文基于作者的临床经验，并通过在Medline和www.google.com上使用以下关键词搜索当前文献：水母蜇伤、刺丝囊、皮肤、过敏、健康损害。
在挪威海岸接触刺胞水母会导致轻微皮疹，通常在几小时内消失。儿童或过敏者接触热带海水中的水母种类或一般的水母，可能会引发严重的全身反应和永久性皮肤损伤。在这种情况下，用海水或醋仔细冲洗受影响区域很重要，这会使毒素失活。有全身反应的患者必须接受观察或住院治疗。皮疹可用局部麻醉剂覆盖。如果出现强烈的局部反应，可选择使用镇痛药、抗组胺药和类固醇。感染和肥厚性瘢痕的处理遵循一般指南。色素沉着可用局部漂白剂去除。
