Cheung Stephen S
Environmental Ergonomics Laboratory, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South St., Halifax, NS, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007 Aug;32(4):808-17. doi: 10.1139/H07-043.
Over the past decade, research interest has risen on the direct effects of temperature on exercise capacity and tolerance, particular in the heat. Two major paradigms have been proposed for how hyperthermia may contribute to voluntary fatigue during exercise in the heat. One suggests that voluntary exhaustion occurs upon the approach or attainment of a critical internal temperature through impairment in a variety of physiological systems. An alternate perspective proposes that thermal inputs modulate the regulation of self-paced workload to minimize heat storage. This review seeks to summarize recent research leading to the development of these two models for hyperthermia and fatigue and explore possible bridges between them. Key areas for future research and development into voluntary exhaustion in the heat include (i) the development of valid and non-invasive means to measure brain temperature, (ii) understanding variability in perception and physiological responses to heat stress across individuals, (iii) extrapolating laboratory studies to field settings, (iv) understanding the failure in behavioural and physiological thermoregulation that leads to exertional heat illness, and (v) the integration of physiological and psychological parameters limiting voluntary exercise in the heat.
在过去十年中，温度对运动能力和耐力的直接影响，尤其是在高温环境下的影响，已引发了越来越多的研究兴趣。关于热应激如何导致高温环境下运动时的自愿性疲劳，已提出了两种主要模式。一种观点认为，当通过各种生理系统的损伤达到或接近临界体温时，就会出现自愿性疲劳。另一种观点则认为，热输入会调节自定节奏的工作量，以尽量减少热量储存。本综述旨在总结近期研究，这些研究促成了这两种热应激与疲劳模型的发展，并探讨它们之间可能存在的联系。未来关于高温环境下自愿性疲劳的研究和发展的关键领域包括：（i）开发有效且非侵入性的测量脑温的方法；（ii）了解个体对热应激的感知和生理反应的变异性；（iii）将实验室研究推广到实际环境；（iv）了解导致运动性热疾病的行为和生理体温调节失效的原因；（v）整合限制高温环境下自愿运动的生理和心理参数。
