Institut National de Recherche Agronomique UR 1303, Ivry sur Seine, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Mar;97(3):569-83. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.035105. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
Healthy diets are supposed to be more environmentally friendly because they rely mainly on plant-based foods, which have lower greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) per unit weight than do animal-based foods.
The objectives were to estimate the GHGEs associated with the consumption of self-selected diets in France and to analyze their relation with the nutritional quality of diets.
For each adult in the national dietary Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 1918), the GHGEs of his or her diet were estimated based on the GHGEs of 391 foods. Highest-nutritional-quality diets were defined as those having simultaneously 1) an energy density below the median, 2) a mean adequacy ratio (MAR) above the median, and 3) a mean excess ratio (MER, percentage of maximum recommended values for nutrients for which intake should be limited) below the median.
MAR was positively correlated and MER was negatively correlated with diet-related GHGEs. High-nutritional-quality diets contained more plant-based foods, notably fruit and vegetables, and fewer sweets and salted snacks than did low-quality diets. After adjustment for age, sex, and energy intake, the consumption of sweets and salted snacks was negatively correlated with diet-related GHGEs, whereas the consumption of animal products and of fruit and vegetables was positively associated with them. After adjustment for energy intake, high-nutritional-quality diets had significantly higher GHGEs (+9% and +22% for men and women, respectively) than did low-nutritional-quality diets.
Despite containing large amounts of plant-based foods, self-selected diets of the highest nutritional quality are currently not those with the lowest diet-related GHGEs.
健康饮食应该对环境更友好，因为它们主要依赖植物性食物，而这些食物每单位重量的温室气体排放量（GHGE）低于动物性食物。
本研究旨在估计法国人自选饮食的 GHGE，并分析其与饮食营养质量的关系。
对于国家饮食个体和国家食品消费调查（n=1918）中的每位成年人，根据 391 种食物的 GHGE，估算其饮食的 GHGE。最高营养质量的饮食被定义为同时具有以下特征的饮食：1）能量密度低于中位数，2）平均充足率（MAR）高于中位数，3）平均过量率（MER，对于应限制摄入的营养素，摄入量达到最大推荐值的百分比）低于中位数。
MAR 与饮食相关的 GHGE 呈正相关，MER 与饮食相关的 GHGE 呈负相关。高营养质量的饮食包含更多的植物性食物，特别是水果和蔬菜，以及更少的甜食和咸零食，而低质量的饮食则相反。在调整年龄、性别和能量摄入后，甜食和咸零食的消耗与饮食相关的 GHGE 呈负相关，而动物产品和水果及蔬菜的消耗与饮食相关的 GHGE 呈正相关。在调整能量摄入后，高营养质量的饮食的 GHGE 显著更高（男性和女性分别增加 9%和 22%），而低营养质量的饮食则相反。
尽管含有大量的植物性食物，但目前最高营养质量的自选饮食并非是 GHGE 最低的饮食。
