Mentzel T
Dermatopathologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Friedrichshafen, Siemensstrasse 6/1, 88048, Friedrichshafen.
Pathologe. 2007 Nov;28(6):445-52. doi: 10.1007/s00292-007-0936-4.
Benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms are relatively frequent and show a broad morphological heterogeneity. The spectrum of malignant melanomas comprises the four main types, superficial spreading malignant melanoma, nodular malignant melanoma, lentigo-maligna melanoma and acrolentiginous malignant melanoma. In addition the rare spitzoid malignant melanoma, desmoplastic malignant melanoma as well as some unusual variants of malignant melanoma can be distinguished. The latter include nevoid malignant melanoma, a form of malignant melanoma resembling benign melanocytic nevi, animal type malignant melanoma, an atypical melanocytic neoplasm with numerous melanophages and prominent melanosis resembling an atypical epithelioid blue naevus as well as regressive malignant melanoma, and representing a questionably distinct entity, balloon cell and signet-ring malignant melanomas, melanoma types with degenerative clear cell changes, as well as myxoid and osteogenic malignant melanomas that are characterized by unusual stromal changes.
良性和恶性黑素细胞肿瘤相对常见，且表现出广泛的形态学异质性。恶性黑色素瘤的谱系包括四种主要类型，即浅表扩散性恶性黑色素瘤、结节性恶性黑色素瘤、恶性雀斑样痣黑色素瘤和肢端雀斑样痣恶性黑色素瘤。此外，还可区分出罕见的梭形细胞样恶性黑色素瘤、促纤维增生性恶性黑色素瘤以及一些恶性黑色素瘤的不寻常变体。后者包括痣样恶性黑色素瘤，一种类似于良性黑素细胞痣的恶性黑色素瘤形式；动物型恶性黑色素瘤，一种具有大量噬黑素细胞且黑色素沉着显著的非典型黑素细胞肿瘤，类似于非典型上皮样蓝色痣；以及消退性恶性黑色素瘤，这是一个存在疑问的独特实体；气球状细胞和印戒样恶性黑色素瘤，具有退行性透明细胞改变的黑色素瘤类型；还有黏液样和成骨性恶性黑色素瘤，其特征为不寻常的间质改变。
