Mahmud S G, Shamsuddin Sk Abu Jafar, Ahmed M Feroze, Davison Annette, Deere Dan, Howard Guy
ITN Centre, Civil Engineering Department, Bangladesh University of Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
J Water Health. 2007 Dec;5(4):585-97. doi: 10.2166/wh.2007.045.
Water safety plans (WSPs) are promoted by the WHO as the most effective means of securing drinking water safety. To date most experience with WSPs has been within utility supplies, primarily in developed countries. There has been little documented experience of applying WSPs to small community-managed systems, particularly in developing countries. This paper presents a case study from Bangladesh describing how WSPs can be developed and implemented for small systems. Model WSPs were developed through consultation with key water sector practitioners in the country. Simplified tools were developed to translate the formal WSPs into a format that was meaningful and accessible for communities to use. A series of pilot projects were implemented by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) across the country covering all major water supplies. The results show that WSPs can be developed and implemented for small community managed water supplies and improve the sanitary condition and water quality of water sources. Hygiene behaviour improved and household water quality showed a significant reduction in contamination. Chlorination was found to be important for some technologies, thus increasing the costs of water supply and raising important problems with respect to transfer to the communities. Simple tools for community monitoring were found to be effective in supporting better water safety management.
世界卫生组织倡导水安全计划（WSPs）是保障饮用水安全的最有效手段。迄今为止，水安全计划的大部分经验都来自公用事业供水，主要集中在发达国家。将水安全计划应用于小型社区管理系统的经验记录很少，尤其是在发展中国家。本文介绍了一个来自孟加拉国的案例研究，描述了如何为小型系统制定和实施水安全计划。通过与该国关键水行业从业者协商，制定了示范水安全计划。开发了简化工具，将正式的水安全计划转化为社区能够理解和使用的形式。非政府组织（NGOs）在全国实施了一系列试点项目，覆盖所有主要供水系统。结果表明，可以为小型社区管理的供水系统制定和实施水安全计划，并改善水源的卫生状况和水质。卫生行为得到改善，家庭用水质量的污染显著减少。发现氯化处理对某些技术很重要，从而增加了供水成本，并在向社区转移方面引发了重要问题。发现简单的社区监测工具在支持更好的水安全管理方面很有效。
