Klein Barbara Eden Kobrin
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2007 Jul-Aug;14(4):179-83. doi: 10.1080/09286580701396720.
Diabetic retinopathy has been an important cause of blindness in young and middle age adults in the United States. Epidemiologic studies have quantitated the risk and have described potentially causal factors associated with many ocular complications of diabetes and other facets of this disease. A review of recent advances in diagnosis, treatment, temporal trends, and health care for diabetic retinopathy was conducted. Since the early 1980's, there have been studies of the variability of diabetic retinopathy in populations around the world and subpopulations in the United States which have demonstrated the high prevalences and incidences of this condition. Observational studies and clinical trials have documented the importance of glycemic and blood pressure control in the development and progression of this disease. There are some differences in the importance of confounders in different populations. Epidemiologic data have helped understand the importance of health care and health education in prevention and treatment of this condition. Observational studies have documented the importance of this disease on quality of life. Although there have been advances in understanding the distribution, causes, and severity of diabetic retinopathy, this is ever changing and requires continued monitoring. This is important because the increasing burden of diabetes will place a greater burden on the population and the medical care systems that will be caring for them.
糖尿病性视网膜病变一直是美国中青年人群失明的重要原因。流行病学研究已对风险进行了量化，并描述了与糖尿病的许多眼部并发症及该疾病其他方面相关的潜在因果因素。本文对糖尿病性视网膜病变在诊断、治疗、时间趋势及医疗保健方面的最新进展进行了综述。自20世纪80年代初以来，针对世界各地人群以及美国亚人群中糖尿病性视网膜病变的变异性开展了多项研究，这些研究证实了该疾病的高患病率和发病率。观察性研究和临床试验已证明血糖和血压控制在该疾病发生和发展过程中的重要性。不同人群中混杂因素的重要性存在一些差异。流行病学数据有助于理解医疗保健和健康教育在预防和治疗该疾病方面的重要性。观察性研究已证明该疾病对生活质量的重要影响。尽管在理解糖尿病性视网膜病变的分布、病因和严重程度方面已取得进展，但情况不断变化，需要持续监测。这很重要，因为糖尿病负担的增加将给人群以及为他们提供护理的医疗系统带来更大负担。
