Getzenberg R H, Pienta K J, Ward W S, Coffey D S
Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
J Cell Biochem. 1991 Dec;47(4):289-99. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240470402.
The organization of DNA within the nucleus has been demonstrated to be both cell and tissue specific and is arranged in a non-random fashion in both sperm and somatic cells. Nuclear structure has a pivotal role in this three-dimensional organization of DNA and RNA and contributes as well to forming fixed organizing sites for nuclear functions, such as DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing. In sperm, DNA is also organized in a specific fashion by the nuclear matrix and DNA-protamine interactions. Within somatic cells, the nuclear matrix provides a three-dimensional framework for the tissue specific regulation of genes by directed interaction with transcriptional activators. This differential organization of the DNA by the nuclear matrix, in a tissue specific manner, contributes to tissue specific gene expression. The nuclear matrix is the first link from the DNA to the entire tissue matrix system and provides a direct structural linkage to the cytomatrix and extracellular matrix. In summary, the tissue matrix serves as a dynamic structural framework for the cell which interacts to organize and process spatial and temporal information to coordinate cellular functions and gene expression. The tissue matrix provides a structural system for integrating form and function.
细胞核内DNA的组织方式已被证明具有细胞和组织特异性，并且在精子和体细胞中均以非随机方式排列。核结构在DNA和RNA的这种三维组织中起关键作用，也有助于形成用于核功能（如DNA复制、转录和RNA加工）的固定组织位点。在精子中，DNA也通过核基质和DNA-鱼精蛋白相互作用以特定方式组织。在体细胞内，核基质通过与转录激活因子的定向相互作用为基因的组织特异性调控提供三维框架。核基质以组织特异性方式对DNA进行的这种差异组织有助于组织特异性基因表达。核基质是从DNA到整个组织基质系统的第一个连接点，并为细胞基质和细胞外基质提供直接的结构连接。总之，组织基质作为细胞的动态结构框架，相互作用以组织和处理空间和时间信息，从而协调细胞功能和基因表达。组织基质提供了一个整合形式和功能的结构系统。
