Rule Nicholas O, Ambady Nalni, Adams Reginald B, Macrae C Neil
Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2007 Aug;14(4):687-92. doi: 10.3758/bf03196822.
Ingroup advantages and outgroup deficits in perception and memory are well-established in research on race, gender, and other ostensibly identifiable social categories. The present study extended this research to a social category that is not as perceptually apparent: male sexual orientation. Consistent with hypotheses, an interaction of participant sexual orientation and image sexual orientation revealed an ingroup enhancement and outgroup deficit for memory of faces that participants perceived-both accurately and inaccurately--as belonging to either their ingroup or outgroup in a subsequent task. Additionally, parallel effects were found for the accurate identification of sexual orientation--a finding consistent with previous literature. The present data highlight the importance of social categorization for subsequent memory and suggest that the underlying cognitive machinery responsible for the recognition of groups may be co-opted for other relevant social applications.
在关于种族、性别及其他表面上可识别的社会类别的研究中，内群体优势以及外群体在感知和记忆方面的不足已得到充分证实。本研究将这一研究扩展至一个在感知上不那么明显的社会类别：男性性取向。与假设一致，参与者性取向与图像性取向的交互作用显示，在后续任务中，参与者准确或不准确地感知为属于其内群体或外群体的面孔记忆存在内群体增强和外群体不足。此外，在性取向的准确识别方面也发现了类似的效应——这一发现与先前的文献一致。目前的数据凸显了社会分类对后续记忆的重要性，并表明负责识别群体的潜在认知机制可能会被用于其他相关的社会应用。
