Matsumoto T, Okazaki M, Nakahira A, Sasaki J, Egusa H, Sohmura T
Department of Oromaxillofacial Regeneration, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(25):2726-33. doi: 10.2174/092986707782023208.
Apatite-related calcium phosphate, the main component of biological hard tissue, has good biocompatibility and is an economical material. Methods for the synthesis of apatite materials including hydroxyapatite (HAp) have previously been established. Therefore, for many years, apatite materials have been utilized as substitute materials for bone in orthopedic and dental fields. Such types of conventional substitute materials, which are implanted in the human body, should ostensibly be chemically stable to maintain their quality over time. However, recent advances in tissue engineering have altered this concept. Physicians and researchers now seek to identify materials that alter their properties temporally and spatially to achieve ideal tissue regeneration. In order to use apatite materials for tissue engineering and as drug delivery systems, the materials require both a high affinity for cells, tissues and/or functional molecules (e.g. growth factors and genes) and controllable bioabsorbability. To achieve these properties, various physicochemical modifications of apatite materials have been attempted. In addition, fabrication desiring three-dimensional structures (e.g. size, morphology and porosity) of apatite materials for implant sites could be one of the crucial techniques used to obtain ideal prognoses. In this review, the latest research trends relating to the techniques for the fabrication and modification of apatite materials are introduced.
磷灰石相关的磷酸钙是生物硬组织的主要成分，具有良好的生物相容性，是一种经济的材料。此前已建立了包括羟基磷灰石（HAp）在内的磷灰石材料的合成方法。因此，多年来，磷灰石材料一直在骨科和牙科领域用作骨替代材料。这类植入人体的传统替代材料表面上应该化学稳定，以便随时间保持其质量。然而，组织工程学的最新进展改变了这一概念。医生和研究人员现在寻求识别能在时间和空间上改变其特性以实现理想组织再生的材料。为了将磷灰石材料用于组织工程和作为药物递送系统，这些材料既需要对细胞、组织和/或功能分子（如生长因子和基因）具有高亲和力，又需要可控的生物可吸收性。为了实现这些特性，人们尝试了对磷灰石材料进行各种物理化学修饰。此外，为植入部位制造具有三维结构（如尺寸、形态和孔隙率）的磷灰石材料可能是获得理想预后的关键技术之一。在这篇综述中，介绍了与磷灰石材料制造和修饰技术相关的最新研究趋势。
