Dorozhkin Sergey V
Kudrinskaja sq. 1-155, Moscow 123242, Russia.
J Funct Biomater. 2010 Nov 30;1(1):22-107. doi: 10.3390/jfb1010022.
In the late 1960s, much interest was raised in regard to biomedical applications of various ceramic materials. A little bit later, such materials were named bioceramics. This review is limited to bioceramics prepared from calcium orthophosphates only, which belong to the categories of bioactive and bioresorbable compounds. There have been a number of important advances in this field during the past 30-40 years. Namely, by structural and compositional control, it became possible to choose whether calcium orthophosphate bioceramics were biologically stable once incorporated within the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics-which is able to promote regeneration of bones-was developed. Presently, calcium orthophosphate bioceramics are available in the form of particulates, blocks, cements, coatings, customized designs for specific applications and as injectable composites in a polymer carrier. Current biomedical applications include artificial replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons and ligaments, as well as repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jawbone, spinal fusion and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Exploratory studies demonstrate potential applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics as scaffolds, drug delivery systems, as well as carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and/or various types of cells for tissue engineering purposes.
20世纪60年代末，人们对各种陶瓷材料的生物医学应用产生了浓厚兴趣。不久之后，这类材料被命名为生物陶瓷。本综述仅限于仅由正磷酸钙制备的生物陶瓷，它们属于生物活性和生物可吸收化合物类别。在过去的30 - 40年里，该领域取得了许多重要进展。也就是说，通过结构和成分控制，可以选择正磷酸钙生物陶瓷一旦纳入骨骼结构后是生物稳定的，还是会随着时间被吸收。在千禧年之交，一种能够促进骨骼再生的新型正磷酸钙生物陶瓷概念被开发出来。目前，正磷酸钙生物陶瓷有颗粒、块状、水泥、涂层、针对特定应用的定制设计以及聚合物载体中的可注射复合材料等形式。当前的生物医学应用包括人工髋关节、膝关节、牙齿、肌腱和韧带置换，以及牙周疾病修复、颌面重建、颌骨增强和稳定、脊柱融合以及肿瘤手术后的骨填充。探索性研究表明，正磷酸钙生物陶瓷作为支架、药物递送系统以及用于组织工程目的的生长因子、生物活性肽和/或各种类型细胞的载体具有潜在应用。
