Esquifino Ana I, Cano Pilar, Jiménez-Ortega Vanesa, Fernández-Mateos Pilar, Cardinali Daniel P
Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular III, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Endocrine. 2007 Aug;32(1):1-19. doi: 10.1007/s12020-007-9009-y. Epub 2007 Sep 29.
Virtually all neuroendocrine and immunological variables investigated in animals and humans display biological periodicity. Circadian rhythmicity is revealed for every hormone in circulation as well as for circulating immune cells, lymphocyte metabolism and transformability, cytokines, receptors, and adhesion molecules. Clock genes, notably the three Period (Per1/Per2/Per3) genes and two Cryptochrome (Cry1/Cry2) genes, are present in immune and endocrine cells and are expressed in a circadian manner in human cells. This review discusses the circadian disruption of hormone release and immune-related mechanisms in several animal models in which circulating cytokines are modified including rat adjuvant arthritis, social isolation in rats and rabbits and alcoholism, the aging process and calorie restriction in rats. In every case the experimental manipulation used perturbed the temporal organization by affecting the shape and amplitude of a rhythm or by modifying the intrinsic oscillatory mechanism itself.
实际上，在动物和人类身上研究的几乎所有神经内分泌和免疫变量都呈现出生物周期性。循环中的每种激素以及循环免疫细胞、淋巴细胞代谢与转化能力、细胞因子、受体和黏附分子都显示出昼夜节律性。生物钟基因，特别是三个周期基因（Per1/Per2/Per3）和两个隐花色素基因（Cry1/Cry2），存在于免疫和内分泌细胞中，并在人类细胞中以昼夜节律的方式表达。本综述讨论了几种动物模型中激素释放的昼夜节律紊乱以及免疫相关机制，在这些模型中循环细胞因子发生了改变，包括大鼠佐剂性关节炎、大鼠和兔子的社会隔离以及酗酒、衰老过程和大鼠的热量限制。在每种情况下，所采用的实验操作都通过影响节律的形状和幅度或改变内在振荡机制本身来扰乱时间组织。
