Harthoorn Lucien F, Dransfield Eric
TI Food and Nutrition (WCFS), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Mar;102(5):601-8. doi: 10.1007/s00421-007-0622-5. Epub 2007 Dec 19.
Food intake regulation involves various central and peripheral mechanisms. In this study the relevance of physiological responses reflecting the autonomic nervous system were evaluated in relation to perceived satiety. Subjects were exposed to a lunch-induced hunger-satiety shift, while profiling diverse sensory, physiological, and biochemical characteristics at 15 min intervals. Sensory ratings comprised questionnaires with visual analogues scales about their feeling of satiety, desire to eat, fullness, and hunger. Physiological characteristics included heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure, while biochemical markers such as cortisol levels and alpha-amylase activity were monitored in saliva. The four sensory ratings correlated with heart rate and salivary alpha-amylase suggesting a higher sympathetic tone during satiety. Furthermore, heart rate variability was associated with age and waist-to-hip ratio and cortisol levels negatively correlated with body mass index. Finally, neither chewing nor swallowing contributed to a heart rate increase at food consumption, but orosensory stimulation, as tested with modified sham feeding, caused a partial increase of heart rate. In conclusion, after meal ingestion critical physiological alterations reveal a elevated sympathetic tone, which is a potential measure of satiety.
食物摄入调节涉及多种中枢和外周机制。在本研究中，评估了反映自主神经系统的生理反应与饱腹感之间的相关性。受试者经历了由午餐引起的饥饿 - 饱腹感转变，同时每隔15分钟记录各种感觉、生理和生化特征。感觉评分包括使用视觉模拟量表的问卷，询问他们的饱腹感、进食欲望、饱腹感和饥饿感。生理特征包括心率、心率变异性和血压，同时监测唾液中的生化标志物，如皮质醇水平和α - 淀粉酶活性。四项感觉评分与心率和唾液α - 淀粉酶相关，表明饱腹感期间交感神经张力较高。此外，心率变异性与年龄和腰臀比相关，皮质醇水平与体重指数呈负相关。最后，进食时咀嚼和吞咽均未导致心率增加，但经改良假饲测试的口感觉刺激会使心率部分增加。总之，餐后关键的生理变化显示交感神经张力升高，这是饱腹感的一个潜在指标。
