Jalaludin Bin, Khalaj Behnoosh, Sheppeard Vicky, Morgan Geoff
Centre for Research, Evidence Management and Surveillance, Sydney South West Area Health Service, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2008 Aug;81(8):967-74. doi: 10.1007/s00420-007-0290-0. Epub 2007 Dec 20.
We aimed to determine the effects of ambient air pollutants on emergency department (ED) visits for asthma in children.
We obtained routinely collected ED visit data for asthma (ICD9 493) and air pollution (PM(10), PM(2.5), O(3), NO(2), CO and SO(2)) and meteorological data for metropolitan Sydney for 1997-2001. We used the time stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression to model the association between air pollutants and ED visits for four age-groups (1-4, 5-9, 10-14 and 1-14 years). Estimated relative risks for asthma ED visits were calculated for an exposure corresponding to the inter-quartile range in pollutant level. We included same day average temperature, same day relative humidity, daily temperature range, school holidays and public holidays in all models.
Associations between ambient air pollutants and ED visits for asthma in children were most consistent for all six air pollutants in the 1-4 years age-group, for particulates and CO in the 5-9 years age-group and for CO in the 10-14 years age-group. The greatest effects were most consistently observed for lag 0 and effects were greater in the warm months for particulates, O(3) and NO(2). In two pollutant models, effect sizes were generally smaller compared to those derived from single pollutant models.
We observed the effects of ambient air pollutants on ED attendances for asthma in a city where the ambient concentrations of air pollutants are relatively low.
我们旨在确定环境空气污染物对儿童因哮喘前往急诊科就诊的影响。
我们获取了1997 - 2001年悉尼大都市地区常规收集的因哮喘（国际疾病分类第九版493编码）就诊的数据、空气污染（PM10、PM2.5、O3、NO2、CO和SO2）数据以及气象数据。我们采用时间分层病例交叉设计和条件逻辑回归，对四个年龄组（1 - 4岁、5 - 9岁、10 - 14岁以及1 - 14岁）的空气污染物与急诊科就诊之间的关联进行建模。针对与污染物水平四分位间距相对应的暴露情况，计算哮喘急诊就诊的估计相对风险。在所有模型中纳入了当日平均温度、当日相对湿度、日温度范围、学校假期和公共假日。
环境空气污染物与儿童哮喘急诊就诊之间的关联在1 - 4岁年龄组的所有六种空气污染物、5 - 9岁年龄组的颗粒物和CO以及10 - 14岁年龄组的CO中最为一致。在滞后0时观察到的影响最大，对于颗粒物、O3和NO2，温暖月份的影响更大。在双污染物模型中，效应大小通常比单污染物模型得出的效应大小更小。
在一个空气污染物环境浓度相对较低的城市，我们观察到了环境空气污染物对哮喘急诊就诊的影响。
