Payne B Keith, Burkley Melissa A, Stokes Mark B
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2008 Jan;94(1):16-31. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.1.16.
Implicit and explicit attitude tests are often weakly correlated, leading some theorists to conclude that implicit and explicit cognition are independent. Popular implicit and explicit tests, however, differ in many ways beyond implicit and explicit cognition. The authors examined in 4 studies whether correlations between implicit and explicit tests were influenced by the similarity in task demands (i.e., structural fit) and, hence, the processes engaged by each test. Using an affect misattribution procedure, they systematically varied the structural fit of implicit and explicit tests of racial attitudes. As test formats became more similar, the implicit-explicit correlation increased until it became higher than in most previous research. When tests differ in structure, they may underestimate the relationship between implicit and explicit cognition. The authors propose a solution that uses procedures to maximize structural fit.
内隐态度测试和外显态度测试的相关性往往较弱，这使得一些理论家得出结论，认为内隐认知和外显认知是相互独立的。然而，常见的内隐和外显测试在许多方面存在差异，不仅仅体现在内隐和外显认知方面。作者在4项研究中考察了内隐测试和外显测试之间的相关性是否受到任务要求的相似性（即结构匹配）的影响，进而受到每项测试所涉及的过程的影响。他们采用情感错误归因程序，系统地改变了种族态度内隐测试和外显测试的结构匹配度。随着测试形式变得更加相似，内隐-外显相关性增加，直至高于以往大多数研究中的水平。当测试在结构上存在差异时，它们可能会低估内隐认知和外显认知之间的关系。作者提出了一种解决方案，即使用一些程序来最大化结构匹配度。
