Muriu Simon M, Muturi Ephantus J, Shililu Josephat I, Mbogo Charles M, Mwangangi Joseph M, Jacob Benjamin G, Irungu Lucy W, Mukabana Richard W, Githure John I, Novak Robert J
Human Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya, Africa.
Malar J. 2008 Feb 29;7:43. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-43.
Studies were conducted between April 2004 and February 2006 to determine the blood-feeding pattern of Anopheles mosquitoes in Mwea Kenya.
Samples were collected indoors by pyrethrum spay catch and outdoors by Centers for Disease Control light traps and processed for blood meal analysis by an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay.
A total of 3,333 blood-fed Anopheles mosquitoes representing four Anopheles species were collected and 2,796 of the samples were assayed, with Anopheles arabiensis comprising 76.2% (n = 2,542) followed in decreasing order by Anopheles coustani 8.9% (n = 297), Anopheles pharoensis 8.2% (n = 272) and Anopheles funestus 6.7% (n = 222). All mosquito species had a high preference for bovine (range 56.3-71.4%) over human (range 1.1-23.9%) or goat (0.1-2.2%) blood meals. Some individuals from all the four species were found to contain mixed blood meals. The bovine blood index (BBI) for An. arabiensis was significantly higher for populations collected indoors (71.8%), than populations collected outdoors (41.3%), but the human blood index (HBI) did not differ significantly between the two populations. In contrast, BBI for indoor collected An. funestus (51.4%) was significantly lower than for outdoor collected populations (78.0%) and the HBI was significantly higher indoors (28.7%) than outdoors (2.4%). Anthropophily of An. funestus was lowest within the rice scheme, moderate in unplanned rice agro-ecosystem, and highest within the non-irrigated agro-ecosystem. Anthropophily of An. arabiensis was significantly higher in the non-irrigated agro-ecosystem than in the other agro-ecosystems.
These findings suggest that rice cultivation has an effect on host choice by Anopheles mosquitoes. The study further indicate that zooprophylaxis may be a potential strategy for malaria control, but there is need to assess how domestic animals may influence arboviruses epidemiology before adapting the strategy.
2004年4月至2006年2月期间开展了多项研究，以确定肯尼亚姆韦阿地区按蚊的吸血模式。
通过除虫菊酯喷雾法在室内采集样本，利用疾病控制中心的诱蚊灯在室外采集样本，并采用酶联免疫吸附测定法对血餐进行分析。
共采集到3333只吸食了血液的按蚊，分属4个按蚊种类，对其中2796份样本进行了检测，其中阿拉伯按蚊占76.2%（n = 2542），其次是库斯塔尼按蚊8.9%（n = 297）、法老按蚊8.2%（n = 272）和富氏按蚊6.7%（n = 222）。所有按蚊种类都对牛血（比例范围为56.3 - 71.4%）表现出比对人血（比例范围为1.1 - 23.9%）或羊血（0.1 - 2.2%）更高的偏好。发现所有4个种类的一些个体含有混合血餐。室内采集的阿拉伯按蚊群体的牛血指数（BBI）（71.8%）显著高于室外采集的群体（41.3%），但两个人群的人血指数（HBI）没有显著差异。相比之下，室内采集的富氏按蚊的BBI（51.4%）显著低于室外采集的群体（78.0%），且室内的HBI（28.7%）显著高于室外（2.4%）。富氏按蚊在稻田区域的嗜人血程度最低，在非规划稻田农业生态系统中适中，在非灌溉农业生态系统中最高。阿拉伯按蚊在非灌溉农业生态系统中的嗜人血程度显著高于其他农业生态系统。
这些发现表明水稻种植对按蚊的宿主选择有影响。该研究进一步表明动物宿主防护可能是疟疾控制的一种潜在策略，但在采用该策略之前，需要评估家畜可能如何影响虫媒病毒的流行病学。
