Antunes André, Rainey Fred A, Wanner Gerhard, Taborda Marco, Pätzold Jürgen, Nobre M Fernanda, da Costa Milton S, Huber Robert
Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
J Bacteriol. 2008 May;190(10):3580-7. doi: 10.1128/JB.01860-07. Epub 2008 Mar 7.
A novel strictly anaerobic bacterium designated strain SSD-17B(T) was isolated from the hypersaline brine-sediment interface of the Shaban Deep, Red Sea. Cells were pleomorphic but usually consisted of a central coccoid body with one or two "tentacle-like" protrusions. These protrusions actively alternated between a straight, relaxed form and a contracted, corkscrew-like one. A peptidoglycan layer was not detected by electron microscopy. The organism forms "fried-egg"-like colonies on MM-X medium. The organism is strictly anaerobic and halophilic and has an optimum temperature for growth of about 30 to 37 degrees C and an optimum pH of about 7. Nitrate and nitrite are reduced; lactate is a fermentation product. The fatty acid profile is dominated by straight saturated and unsaturated chain compounds. Menaquinone 4 is the major respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated strain SSD-17B(T) represents a novel and distinct lineage within the radiation of the domain Bacteria. The branching position of strain SSD-17B(T) was equidistant to the taxa considered to be representative lineages of the phyla Firmicutes and Tenericutes (with its sole class Mollicutes). The phenotypic and phylogenetic data clearly show the distinctiveness of this unusual bacterium, and we therefore propose that strain SSD-17B(T) (= DSM 18853 = JCM 14575) represents a new genus and a new species, for which we recommend the name Haloplasma contractile gen. nov., sp. nov. We are also of the opinion that the organism represents a new order-level taxon, for which we propose the name Haloplasmatales.
从红海沙班海渊的高盐卤水-沉积物界面分离出一株新的严格厌氧细菌，命名为菌株SSD-17B(T)。细胞呈多形性，但通常由一个中央类球菌体和一或两个“触须状”突起组成。这些突起在笔直、松弛形态和收缩、螺旋状形态之间积极交替。电子显微镜未检测到肽聚糖层。该菌在MM-X培养基上形成“煎蛋”状菌落。该菌严格厌氧且嗜盐，生长的最适温度约为30至37℃，最适pH约为7。能还原硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐；乳酸是发酵产物。脂肪酸谱以直链饱和和不饱和链化合物为主。甲基萘醌4是主要的呼吸醌。系统发育分析表明，菌株SSD-17B(T)代表细菌域辐射内一个新的独特谱系。菌株SSD-17B(T)的分支位置与被认为是厚壁菌门和柔膜菌门（其唯一的纲为支原体纲）代表性谱系的分类单元等距。表型和系统发育数据清楚地表明了这种不寻常细菌的独特性，因此我们提议菌株SSD-17B(T)（=DSM 18853 =JCM 14575）代表一个新属和一个新种，我们建议将其命名为收缩嗜盐菌属（Haloplasma），新属，新种。我们还认为该菌代表一个新的目级分类单元，我们提议将其命名为收缩嗜盐菌目（Haloplasmatales）。
