Roberts Marilyn C
Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008 May;282(2):147-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01145.x. Epub 2008 Apr 9.
This Minireview summarizes the changes in the field of bacterial resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin, ketolide, and oxazolidinone (MLSKO) antibiotics since the nomenclature review in 1999. A total of 66 genes conferring resistance to this group of antibiotics has now been identified and includes 13 new rRNA methylase genes, four ATP-binding transporter genes coding for efflux proteins, and five new inactivating enzymes. During this same time period, 73 new genera carrying known rRNA methylase genes and 87 new genera carrying known efflux and/or inactivating genes have been recognized. The number of bacteria with mutations in the genes for 23S rRNA, L4 and L22 ribosomal proteins, resulting in reduced susceptibility to some members of the group of MLSKO antibiotics has also increased and now includes nine different Gram-positive and 10 different Gram-negative genera. New conjugative transposons carrying different MLSKO genes along with an increased number of antibiotics and/or heavy metal resistance genes have been identified. These mobile elements may play a role in the continued spread of the MLSKO resistance genes into new species, genera, and ecosystems.
本综述总结了自1999年命名法审查以来，细菌对大环内酯类、林可酰胺类、链阳菌素类、酮内酯类和恶唑烷酮类（MLSKO）抗生素耐药领域发生的变化。现已鉴定出总共66个赋予对这类抗生素耐药性的基因，包括13个新的rRNA甲基化酶基因、4个编码外排蛋白的ATP结合转运蛋白基因和5种新的失活酶。在同一时期，已识别出73个携带已知rRNA甲基化酶基因的新属和87个携带已知外排和/或失活基因的新属。23S rRNA、L4和L22核糖体蛋白基因发生突变从而导致对某些MLSKO类抗生素敏感性降低的细菌数量也有所增加，目前包括9个不同的革兰氏阳性菌属和10个不同的革兰氏阴性菌属。已鉴定出携带不同MLSKO基因以及抗生素和/或重金属耐药基因数量增加的新接合转座子。这些移动元件可能在MLSKO耐药基因持续传播到新物种、属和生态系统中发挥作用。
