Chalabaev Aina, Sarrazinr Philippe, Stone Jeff, Cury François
Laboratoire Sport et Environnement Social, Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008 Apr;30(2):143-58. doi: 10.1123/jsep.30.2.143.
This research investigated stereotype threat effects on women's performance in sports and examined the mediation of this effect by achievement goals. The influence of two stereotypes-relative to the poor athletic ability and the poor technical soccer ability of women-were studied. Fifty-one female soccer players were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, introducing the task as diagnostic of athletic ability, technical soccer ability, or sports psychology. Next, they filled out a questionnaire measuring achievement goals and performed a soccer dribbling task. Results showed that compared with the control condition, females' performance significantly decreased in the athletic ability condition and tended to decrease in the technical soccer ability condition. Moreover, participants endorsed a performance-avoidance (relative to performance-approach) goal when the stereotypes were activated. However, this goal endorsement was not related to performance. The implications of these results for understanding the role of stereotypes in gender inequalities in sports are discussed.
本研究调查了刻板印象威胁对女性运动表现的影响，并检验了成就目标对这种影响的中介作用。研究了两种刻板印象的影响，即相对于女性较差的运动能力和较差的足球技术能力。51名女足运动员被随机分配到三种条件之一，将任务介绍为对运动能力、足球技术能力或运动心理学的诊断。接下来，她们填写了一份测量成就目标的问卷，并完成了一项足球运球任务。结果表明，与控制条件相比，女性在运动能力条件下的表现显著下降，在足球技术能力条件下有下降趋势。此外，当刻板印象被激活时，参与者认可了一种避免表现（相对于追求表现）的目标。然而，这种目标认可与表现无关。讨论了这些结果对于理解刻板印象在体育领域性别不平等中的作用的意义。
