Lemmens K P H, Abraham C, Ruiter R A C, Veldhuizen I J T, Dehing C J G, Bos A E R, Schaalma H P
Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Br J Psychol. 2009 Feb;100(Pt 1):71-90. doi: 10.1348/000712608X310237. Epub 2008 Jun 10.
Understanding blood donation motivation among non-donors is prerequisite to effective recruitment. Two studies explored the psychological antecedents of blood donation motivation and the generalisability of a model of donation motivation across groups differing in age and educational level. An older well-educated population and a younger less well-educated population were sampled. The studies assessed the role of altruism, fear of blood/needles and donation-specific cognitions including attitudes and normative beliefs derived from an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Across both samples, results showed that affective attitude, subjective norm, descriptive norm, and moral norm were the most important correlates of blood donation intentions. Self-efficacy was more important among the younger less well-educated group. Altruism was related to donation motivation but only indirectly through moral norm. Similarly, fear of blood/needles only had an indirect effect on motivation through affective attitude and self-efficacy. Additional analyses with the combined data set found no age or education moderation effects, suggesting that this core model of donation-specific cognitions can be used to inform future practical interventions recruiting new blood donors in the general population.
了解非献血者的献血动机是有效招募的前提。两项研究探讨了献血动机的心理前因，以及献血动机模型在不同年龄和教育水平群体中的普遍性。研究选取了年龄较大、受教育程度较高的人群和年龄较小、受教育程度较低的人群作为样本。这些研究评估了利他主义、对血液/针头的恐惧以及献血特定认知的作用，包括从扩展的计划行为理论（TPB）衍生出的态度和规范信念。在两个样本中，结果均显示情感态度、主观规范、描述性规范和道德规范是献血意愿最重要的相关因素。自我效能感在年龄较小、受教育程度较低的群体中更为重要。利他主义与献血动机有关，但仅通过道德规范产生间接关联。同样，对血液/针头的恐惧仅通过情感态度和自我效能感对动机产生间接影响。对合并数据集的进一步分析未发现年龄或教育程度的调节作用，这表明这种献血特定认知的核心模型可用于为未来在普通人群中招募新献血者的实际干预措施提供参考。
