Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe, Ndo Cyrille, Kengne Pierre, Mukwaya Louis, Awono-Ambene Parfait, Fontenille Didier, Simard Frédéric
Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P,O, Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Malar J. 2008 Jul 4;7:120. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-120.
Anopheles moucheti is a major malaria vector in forested areas of Africa. However, despite its important epidemiological role, it remains poorly known and insufficiently studied. Here, levels of genetic differentiation were estimated between different A. moucheti populations sampled throughout its distribution range in Central Africa.
Polymorphism at ten microsatellite markers was compared in mosquitoes sampled in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo and an island on Lake Victoria in Uganda. Microsatellite data were used to estimate genetic diversity within populations, their relative long-term effective population size, and the level of genetic differentiation between them.
All specimens collected in Tsakalakuku (Democratic Republic of Congo) were identified as A. m. bervoetsi while other samples consisted of A. m. moucheti. Successful amplification was obtained at all microsatellite loci within all A. m. moucheti samples while only six loci amplified in A. m. bervoetsi. Allelic richness and heterozygosity were high for all populations except the island population of Uganda and A. m. bervoetsi. High levels of genetic differentiation were recorded between A. m. bervoetsi and each A. m. moucheti sample as well as between the island population of A. m. moucheti and mainland populations. Significant isolation by distance was evidenced between mainland populations.
High levels of genetic differentiation supports complete speciation of A. m. bervoetsi which should henceforth be recognized as a full species and named A. bervoetsi. Isolation by distance is the main force driving differentiation between mainland populations of A. m. moucheti. Genetically and geographically isolated populations exist on Lake Victoria islands, which might serve as relevant field sites for evaluation of innovative vector control strategies.
穆氏按蚊是非洲森林地区的主要疟疾传播媒介。然而，尽管其具有重要的流行病学作用，但人们对它的了解仍然很少，研究也不够充分。在此，我们估计了在中非其整个分布范围内采集的不同穆氏按蚊种群之间的遗传分化水平。
比较了在喀麦隆、刚果民主共和国和乌干达维多利亚湖一个岛屿采集的蚊子中十个微卫星标记的多态性。利用微卫星数据估计种群内的遗传多样性、它们相对长期的有效种群大小以及它们之间的遗传分化水平。
在萨卡拉库库（刚果民主共和国）采集的所有标本都被鉴定为穆氏按蚊贝氏亚种，而其他样本则由穆氏按蚊指名亚种组成。在所有穆氏按蚊指名亚种样本的所有微卫星位点都成功进行了扩增，而在穆氏按蚊贝氏亚种中只有六个位点扩增成功。除了乌干达岛屿种群和穆氏按蚊贝氏亚种外，所有种群的等位基因丰富度和杂合度都很高。在穆氏按蚊贝氏亚种与每个穆氏按蚊指名亚种样本之间以及穆氏按蚊指名亚种的岛屿种群与大陆种群之间都记录到了高水平的遗传分化。大陆种群之间存在显著的距离隔离。
高水平的遗传分化支持穆氏按蚊贝氏亚种的完全物种形成，因此今后应将其视为一个完整的物种并命名为贝氏按蚊。距离隔离是推动穆氏按蚊指名亚种大陆种群之间分化的主要力量。维多利亚湖岛屿上存在遗传和地理隔离的种群，这可能是评估创新媒介控制策略的相关实地场所。
