Nettleton Jennifer A, Schulze Matthias B, Jiang Rui, Jenny Nancy S, Burke Gregory L, Jacobs David R
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jul;88(1):185-94. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.185.
The level of detail regarding the dietary intake necessary to characterize associations between diet and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is uncertain.
We evaluated a unique a priori-defined dietary pattern in relation to several traditional and novel CVD risk factors.
At the baseline examination, diet (by food-frequency questionnaire), markers of inflammation, subclinical atherosclerosis, renal disease, vascular compliance, and other traditional risk factors were measured in 5089 men and women aged 45-84 y without clinical CVD or diabetes from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We defined a Comprehensive Healthy Dietary Pattern by summing weighted categorical ranks of 36 narrowly defined food groups (21 rated favorably with categorical ranks x +1.0 and 15 rated unfavorably with categorical ranks x -1.0). We also defined a Simplified Healthy Dietary Pattern composed of 3 favorable (whole grains, fruit, and seeds and nuts) and 3 unfavorable (added fats and oils, processed meats, and fried potatoes) food groups using similar scoring techniques and determined the difference between the comprehensive and simplified scores.
The Comprehensive Healthy Dietary Pattern was associated with lower urinary albumin:creatinine ratios, common carotid intima-media thickness, measures of adiposity, and inflammatory marker, triacylglycerol, and insulin concentrations. The magnitudes of most of the associations were similar between the 2 dietary patterns, but some differences were observed between scores. Dietary patterns were not associated with blood pressure, coronary artery calcification, internal carotid intima-media thickness, or the ankle brachial index.
Many food groups contribute to the characterization of relations with a variety of CVD risk markers, although only 6 food groups contribute much of the information in MESA.
确定饮食与心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间关联所需的饮食摄入细节水平尚不确定。
我们评估了一种独特的预先定义的饮食模式与几种传统和新型CVD风险因素的关系。
在基线检查中，对来自动脉粥样硬化多族裔研究（MESA）的5089名年龄在45 - 84岁、无临床CVD或糖尿病的男性和女性进行了饮食（通过食物频率问卷）、炎症标志物、亚临床动脉粥样硬化、肾脏疾病、血管顺应性及其他传统风险因素的测量。我们通过对36个狭义定义的食物组的加权分类排名求和（21个分类排名为有利，x +1.0；15个分类排名为不利，x -1.0）来定义综合健康饮食模式。我们还使用类似的评分技术定义了一种简化健康饮食模式，该模式由3种有利（全谷物、水果以及种子和坚果）和3种不利（添加脂肪和油、加工肉类以及炸土豆）食物组组成，并确定了综合评分与简化评分之间的差异。
综合健康饮食模式与较低的尿白蛋白：肌酐比值、颈总动脉内膜中层厚度、肥胖指标、炎症标志物、三酰甘油和胰岛素浓度相关。两种饮食模式之间大多数关联的程度相似，但评分之间存在一些差异。饮食模式与血压、冠状动脉钙化、颈内动脉内膜中层厚度或踝臂指数无关。
许多食物组有助于表征与多种CVD风险标志物的关系，尽管在MESA研究中只有6个食物组提供了大部分信息。
