Ryff C D
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Psychol Aging. 1991 Jun;6(2):286-95. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.6.2.286.
Young, middle-aged, and elderly adults (N = 308) evaluated themselves on 6 dimensions of psychological well-being according to present, past, future, and ideal self-assessments. Young and middle-aged adults saw considerable improvement in themselves from the past to the present on all dimensions of well-being. The elderly, however, indicated largely a perception of stability with prior levels of functioning. Future ratings showed that the 2 younger groups expected continued gains in the years ahead, whereas the oldest respondents foresaw decline on most aspects of well-being. The comparison of present and ideal self-ratings supported (cross-sectionally) the hypothesis that with age, individuals achieve a closer fit between their ideal and their actual self-perceptions.
年轻、中年和老年人（N = 308）根据当前、过去、未来和理想自我评估，在心理健康的6个维度上对自己进行了评价。年轻人和中年人在幸福感的所有维度上都认为自己从过去到现在有了显著改善。然而，老年人大多表示其功能水平与之前保持稳定。未来评分显示，两个较年轻的群体预计未来几年会持续进步，而年龄最大的受访者则预见在幸福感的大多数方面会下降。当前和理想自我评分的比较（横断面地）支持了这样一个假设，即随着年龄的增长，个体在理想自我认知和实际自我认知之间的契合度更高。
