Ramakrishna N, Lacey J, Smith J E
A.F.R.C. Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, U.K.
Int J Food Microbiol. 1991 May;13(1):47-54. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(91)90135-c.
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and mercuric chloride (HgCl2) surface sterilization, methyl bromide and propylene oxide fumigation and gamma irradiation treatments were compared for their effectiveness in killing microorganisms on or within barley seeds. Surface sterilization with 12.5, 25 or 50% (v/v) NaOCl for 5, 15 or 30 min, decreased Fusarium spp., Epicoccum purpurascens, and Bacillus spp. but did not kill Alternaria alternata. However, surface sterilization with 0.1 or 0.2% (w/v) HgCl2 for 3 min significantly decreased A. alternata, Fusarium spp. and E. purpurascens but Bacillus spp. were only killed by 0.3% (w/v) HgCl2 used for 10 min, which also decreased seed germination. Aspergillus flavus inoculated onto barley seeds as spores, was completely killed by surface sterilization with NaOCl but not with HgCl2, while Fusarium culmorum was killed by both NaOCl and HgCl2 treatments. Fumigation with methyl bromide yielding a concentration-time product of 3000 mg h l-1 or with propylene oxide giving a concentration-time product of 2400 mg h l-1 eliminated all filamentous fungi but Bacillus spp. and yeasts survived, and both treatments adversely affected seed germination. Gamma irradiation at a dose of 4 kGy eliminated most Alternaria, Fusarium and Epicoccum spp. but a dose of 12 kGy was required to kill Bacillus spp., yeasts and Aureobasidium pullulans. Germination was improved slightly up to a dose of 8 kGy but gradually decreased with increase in dosage to 15 kGy of gamma irradiation.
比较了次氯酸钠（NaOCl）和氯化汞（HgCl₂）表面灭菌、溴甲烷和环氧丙烷熏蒸以及伽马射线辐照处理对杀灭大麦种子上或种子内微生物的效果。用12.5%、25%或50%（v/v）的NaOCl进行5、15或30分钟的表面灭菌，可减少镰刀菌属、紫斑曲霉和芽孢杆菌属，但不能杀死链格孢。然而，用0.1%或0.2%（w/v）的HgCl₂进行3分钟的表面灭菌可显著减少链格孢、镰刀菌属和紫斑曲霉，但芽孢杆菌属仅在使用0.3%（w/v）的HgCl₂处理10分钟时被杀死，这也降低了种子发芽率。以孢子形式接种到大麦种子上的黄曲霉，通过NaOCl表面灭菌可被完全杀死，但HgCl₂不能，而禾谷镰刀菌可被NaOCl和HgCl₂处理杀死。产生3000 mg h l⁻¹浓度 - 时间乘积的溴甲烷熏蒸或产生2400 mg h l⁻¹浓度 - 时间乘积的环氧丙烷熏蒸可消除所有丝状真菌，但芽孢杆菌属和酵母存活，且两种处理均对种子发芽有不利影响。4 kGy剂量的伽马射线辐照可消除大多数链格孢、镰刀菌和紫斑曲霉属，但需要12 kGy的剂量才能杀死芽孢杆菌属、酵母和出芽短梗霉。在8 kGy剂量以下发芽率略有提高，但随着伽马射线辐照剂量增加到15 kGy，发芽率逐渐降低。
