Stucki G, Kostanjsek N, Ustün B, Cieza A
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2008 Sep;44(3):315-28.
If we aim towards a comprehensive understanding of human functioning and the development of comprehensive programs to optimize functioning of individuals and populations we need to develop suitable measures. The approval of the International Classification, Disability and Health (ICF) in 2001 by the 54th World Health Assembly as the first universally shared model and classification of functioning, disability and health marks, therefore an important step in the development of measurement instruments and ultimately for our understanding of functioning, disability and health. The acceptance and use of the ICF as a reference framework and classification has been facilitated by its development in a worldwide, comprehensive consensus process and the increasing evidence regarding its validity. However, the broad acceptance and use of the ICF as a reference framework and classification will also depend on the resolution of conceptual and methodological challenges relevant for the classification and measurement of functioning. This paper therefore describes first how the ICF categories can serve as building blocks for the measurement of functioning and then the current state of the development of ICF based practical tools and international standards such as the ICF Core Sets. Finally it illustrates how to map the world of measures to the ICF and vice versa and the methodological principles relevant for the transformation of information obtained with a clinical test or a patient-oriented instrument to the ICF as well as the development of ICF-based clinical and self-reported measurement instruments.
如果我们旨在全面理解人类功能，并开发综合项目以优化个体和人群的功能，我们就需要制定合适的测量方法。因此，2001年第54届世界卫生大会批准将《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》（ICF）作为首个全球通用的功能、残疾和健康模式及分类，这标志着测量工具发展进程中的重要一步，最终也有助于我们理解功能、残疾和健康。ICF在全球范围的全面共识过程中得以发展，且其有效性的证据日益增多，这促进了它作为参考框架和分类标准被接受和使用。然而，ICF作为参考框架和分类标准被广泛接受和使用，还将取决于与功能分类和测量相关的概念及方法挑战的解决。因此，本文首先描述ICF类别如何作为功能测量的基石，接着阐述基于ICF的实用工具和国际标准（如ICF核心组合）的当前发展状况。最后说明如何将测量领域与ICF相互映射，以及将通过临床试验或面向患者的工具获得的信息转化为ICF相关的方法原则，以及基于ICF的临床和自我报告测量工具的开发。
