Huset Carin A, Chiaia Aurea C, Barofsky Douglas F, Jonkers Niels, Kohler Hans-Peter E, Ort Christoph, Giger D Walter, Field Jennifer A
Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Sep 1;42(17):6369-77. doi: 10.1021/es703062f.
Fluorochemicals are persistent contaminants that are globally distributed in air, water, sediments, and biota. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an important role in mitigating pollutant releases from municipalities to aquatic and terrestrial environments. However, because WWTPs are point sources of fluorochemicals, it is important to understand their contribution to fluorochemical burdens in the greater context of watersheds. To this end, over a 1 week period, the mass flows of 11 fluorochemicals from seven WWTPs that discharge effluent into the Glatt River in Switzerland were measured and compared to the measured mass flows within the Glatt River. Overall, the fluorochemicals were not removed efficiently during wastewater treatment. Effluents from WWTPs and Glatt River water were dominated by perfluorooctane sulfonate, which was detected in all samples, followed by perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate. The mass flows of fluorochemicals emanating from WWTPs were found to be conserved within the 35 km Glatt River, which indicates that input from the WWTPs is additive and that removal within the Glatt River is not significant. Per capita discharges of fluorochemicals were calculated from the populations served by the WWTPs studied; the values determined also account for the fluorochemical content of Lake Greifen (Greifensee), which is a lake at the headwaters of the Glatt River that also receives treated wastewater.
含氟化合物是持久性污染物，在全球范围内分布于空气、水、沉积物和生物群中。污水处理厂在减轻城市向水生和陆地环境排放污染物方面发挥着重要作用。然而，由于污水处理厂是含氟化合物的点源，因此在更大的流域背景下了解它们对含氟化合物负荷的贡献非常重要。为此，在1周的时间内，对瑞士7家向格拉特河排放废水的污水处理厂中11种含氟化合物的质量流量进行了测量，并与格拉特河内测量的质量流量进行了比较。总体而言，含氟化合物在废水处理过程中没有得到有效去除。污水处理厂的废水和格拉特河水中以全氟辛烷磺酸为主，所有样品中均检测到该物质，其次是全氟己烷磺酸和全氟辛酸。研究发现，污水处理厂排放的含氟化合物的质量流量在35公里长的格拉特河内保持不变，这表明污水处理厂的输入是累加性的，且格拉特河内的去除量并不显著。根据所研究的污水处理厂服务的人口计算了含氟化合物的人均排放量；所确定的值还考虑了格里芬湖（Greifensee）的含氟化合物含量，该湖位于格拉特河源头，也接收经过处理的废水。
