Benavides Fernando, Oberyszyn Tatiana M, VanBuskirk Anne M, Reeve Vivienne E, Kusewitt Donna F
Department of Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
J Dermatol Sci. 2009 Jan;53(1):10-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.08.012. Epub 2008 Oct 19.
The hairless (Hr) gene encodes a transcriptional co-repressor highly expressed in the mammalian skin. In the mouse, several null and hypomorphic Hr alleles have been identified resulting in hairlessness in homozygous animals, characterized by alopecia developing after a single cycle of relatively normal hair growth. Mutations in the human ortholog have also been associated with congenital alopecia. Although a variety of hairless strains have been developed, outbred SKH1 mice are the most widely used in dermatologic research. These unpigmented and immunocompetent mice allow for ready manipulation of the skin, application of topical agents, and exposure to UVR, as well as easy visualization of the cutaneous response. Wound healing, acute photobiologic responses, and skin carcinogenesis have been extensively studied in SKH1 mice and are well characterized. In addition, tumors induced in these mice resemble, both at the morphologic and molecular levels, UVR-induced skin malignancies in man. Two limitations of the SKH1 mouse in dermatologic research are the relatively uncharacterized genetic background and its outbred status, which precludes inter-individual transplantation studies.
无毛（Hr）基因编码一种在哺乳动物皮肤中高度表达的转录共抑制因子。在小鼠中，已鉴定出多个无效和亚效Hr等位基因，导致纯合动物无毛，其特征是在相对正常的毛发生长一个周期后出现脱发。人类同源基因的突变也与先天性脱发有关。尽管已经培育出多种无毛品系，但远交系SKH1小鼠是皮肤病学研究中使用最广泛的。这些无色素且具有免疫活性的小鼠便于对皮肤进行操作、局部用药以及暴露于紫外线辐射，同时也便于观察皮肤反应。在SKH1小鼠中，伤口愈合、急性光生物学反应和皮肤癌发生已经得到广泛研究且特征明确。此外，这些小鼠诱导产生的肿瘤在形态和分子水平上都类似于人类紫外线诱导的皮肤恶性肿瘤。SKH1小鼠在皮肤病学研究中的两个局限性是相对未明确的遗传背景及其远交系状态，这使得个体间移植研究无法进行。
