Cesarean by choice? Empirical study of public attitudes.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines public attitudes towards maternal requests for cesarean delivery and its association with health care and birth experiences. In addition, this study attempts to ascertain whether gender, age and residence influence these attitudes.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional population survey with a postal questionnaire.

SETTING

The counties of Stockholm and Vasterbotten in Sweden.

POPULATION

Equal numbers of women and men between 20 and 80 years of age (n=2,000) by population size and gender distribution.

METHODS

Descriptive statistics and content analysis.

RESULTS

Of the 1,066 women (53%) who responded, two-thirds stated that a cesarean should be decided on for medical reasons and by a doctor. One-third considered that a woman, without persuasion, should decide herself about mode of delivery and should be free to choose a cesarean. These respondents used arguments such as women's rights, bodily integrity and childbirth fear. The results were associated with low trust in health care, women being young or middle aged, urban living and having no children. Low trust in health care was associated with experiences of insecurity, vulnerability and perceived maltreatment.

CONCLUSION

Public norms towards women's own decision making on mode of delivery are associated with younger age, lower trust in health care and urban living. Antenatal care will encounter more parents asking for a cesarean and demanding that health professionals provide an ethically appropriate informed consent process. Considering the risk of violating young women's trust if not respecting her wish, it seems reasonable that making decisions whether or not to perform a cesarean is part of shared decision making.