Song Hyun-joo, Baillargeon Renée
Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Dev Psychol. 2008 Nov;44(6):1789-95. doi: 10.1037/a0013774.
Prior research suggests that children younger than age 3 or 4 do not understand that an agent may be deceived by an object's misleading appearance. The authors asked whether 14.5-month-olds would give evidence in a violation-of-expectation task that they understand that agents may form false perceptions. Infants first watched events in which an agent faced a stuffed skunk and a doll with blue pigtails; the agent consistently reached for the doll, suggesting that she preferred it over the skunk. Next, while the agent was absent, the doll was hidden in a plain box, and the skunk was hidden in a box with a tuft of blue hair protruding from under its lid. Infants expected the agent to be misled by the tuft's resemblance to the doll's hair and to falsely perceive it as belonging to the doll. These and other results indicate that 14.5-month-old infants can already reason about agents' false perceptions.
先前的研究表明，3岁或4岁以下的儿童不明白一个主体可能会被物体具有误导性的外观所欺骗。作者们询问，14.5个月大的婴儿是否会在一个违背预期的任务中给出证据，证明他们明白主体可能会形成错误的认知。婴儿们首先观看了这样的事件：一个主体面对着一只填充臭鼬和一个梳着蓝色辫子的玩偶；该主体一直伸手去拿玩偶，这表明比起臭鼬，她更喜欢玩偶。接下来，当主体不在场时，玩偶被藏在一个普通的盒子里，臭鼬被藏在一个盒子里，盒子盖子下面有一缕蓝色的毛发露出来。婴儿们预计主体会被这缕毛发与玩偶头发的相似性所误导，从而错误地认为它属于玩偶。这些以及其他结果表明，14.5个月大的婴儿已经能够对主体的错误认知进行推理。
