Fillmore Mark T, Ostling Erik W, Martin Catherine A, Kelly Thomas H
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 Feb 1;100(1-2):91-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.09.007. Epub 2008 Nov 11.
Sensation-seeking is a personality characteristic that has been associated with drug abuse. Some evidence suggests that sensation-seekers might experience increased rewarding effects from drugs of abuse, possibly contributing to the association between sensation-seeking and risk for drug abuse. The present study examined the effects of three doses of alcohol (0.0 g/kg, 0.45 g/kg, and 0.65 g/kg) on inhibitory control, information processing, and subjective ratings in a group of high sensation-seekers and a group of low sensation-seekers (N=20). Inhibitory control was measured by a cued go/no-go task and speed of information processing was assessed by the Rapid Information Processing (RIP) task. Alcohol impaired inhibitory control and information processing. Group differences were also observed. Compared with their low sensation-seeking counterparts, high sensation-seekers demonstrated increased sensitivity to the subjective rewarding effects of alcohol and a poorer degree of inhibitory control that was further impaired by alcohol. The findings highlight reward- and cognitive-based mechanisms by which sensation-seeking could operate to increase risk for alcohol abuse.
寻求刺激是一种与药物滥用相关的人格特征。一些证据表明，寻求刺激者可能会从滥用药物中体验到增强的奖赏效应，这可能导致了寻求刺激与药物滥用风险之间的关联。本研究考察了三组不同剂量酒精（0.0克/千克、0.45克/千克和0.65克/千克）对一组高寻求刺激者和一组低寻求刺激者（N = 20）的抑制控制、信息处理和主观评分的影响。抑制控制通过线索化的“去/不去”任务进行测量，信息处理速度通过快速信息处理（RIP）任务进行评估。酒精损害了抑制控制和信息处理。还观察到了组间差异。与低寻求刺激者相比，高寻求刺激者对酒精的主观奖赏效应表现出更高的敏感性，并且抑制控制程度较差，而酒精会进一步损害这种抑制控制。这些发现突出了基于奖赏和认知的机制，通过这些机制，寻求刺激可能会增加酒精滥用的风险。
