Lemmer Björn
Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Chronobiol Int. 2008 Nov;25(6):971-86. doi: 10.1080/07420520802539415.
There is continuing discussion on the effect of music ("Mozart effect") on numerous functions in man and experimental animals. Radiotelemetry now allows one to monitor cardiovascular functions in freely-moving unrestrained experimental animals. Radiotelemetry was used to monitor systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), and motor activity (MA) in male normotensive WKY and hypertensive SHR animals. Rats were synchronized to a 12 h light (L): 12 h dark (D) regimen in an isolated, ventilated, light-controlled, sound-isolated animal container. Music (Mozart, Symphony # 40; Ligeti, String Quartet # 2) were played for 2 h at 75 dB in the animal cabin starting at the onset of L or D in a cross-over design. Data were collected every 5 min for 24 h under control conditions and during and after music. In addition, plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) were determined in unrestrained animals at 3 h intervals over 24 h. In both WKY and SHR, highly significant circadian rhythms were obtained in SBP, DBP, HR, and MA under control conditions; HR was lower and BP higher in SHR than in WKY. NE was circadian rhythmic in both strains with higher values in D; the increase in NE with immobilization was much more pronounced in SHR than in WKY. The music of Mozart had no effect on either parameter in WKY, neither in L nor in D. In contrast, in SHR, the music of Mozart presented in L significantly decreased HR and left BP unaffected, leading to a small decrease in cardiac output. The music of Ligeti significantly increased BP both in L and in D and reflexively reduced HR in L, the effects being long-lasting over 24 h. Interestingly, white noise at 75 dB had no effect at all on either function in both strains. The effects of both Mozart and Ligeti cannot be attributed to a stress reaction, as stress due to cage switch increased HR and BP both in WKY and SHR. The study clearly demonstrates that music of different character (tempo, rhythm, pitch, tonality) can modify cardiovascular functions in freely-moving rats, with SHR being more sensitive than normotensive animals. The relative contribution of the characteristics of the two pieces of music, however, needs further evaluation.
关于音乐（“莫扎特效应”）对人和实验动物多种功能的影响，目前仍在持续讨论中。无线电遥测技术现在使人们能够监测自由活动、不受束缚的实验动物的心血管功能。无线电遥测技术被用于监测雄性正常血压的WKY大鼠和高血压的SHR大鼠的收缩压和舒张压（SBP、DBP）、心率（HR）以及运动活动（MA）。大鼠在一个隔离、通风、光照控制、隔音的动物饲养箱中，被同步到12小时光照（L）：12小时黑暗（D）的作息模式。采用交叉设计，在光照或黑暗开始时，在动物饲养舱内以75分贝播放音乐（莫扎特《第40号交响曲》；利盖蒂《第2号弦乐四重奏》）2小时。在对照条件下以及音乐播放期间和之后，每5分钟收集一次数据，持续24小时。此外，在24小时内，每隔3小时测定一次自由活动动物的血浆去甲肾上腺素（NE）浓度。在WKY大鼠和SHR大鼠中，对照条件下SBP、DBP、HR和MA均呈现出高度显著的昼夜节律；SHR大鼠的HR低于WKY大鼠，而BP高于WKY大鼠。两种品系的NE均有昼夜节律，黑暗期的值更高；SHR大鼠因固定不动导致的NE升高比WKY大鼠更明显。莫扎特的音乐对WKY大鼠的任何参数均无影响，无论是在光照期还是黑暗期。相比之下，在SHR大鼠中，光照期播放的莫扎特音乐显著降低了HR，而BP未受影响，导致心输出量略有下降。利盖蒂的音乐在光照期和黑暗期均显著升高了BP，并在光照期反射性地降低了HR，这些影响在24小时内持续存在。有趣的是，75分贝的白噪声对两种品系的任何功能均无影响。莫扎特和利盖蒂音乐的影响不能归因于应激反应，因为笼子转换引起的应激在WKY大鼠和SHR大鼠中均增加了HR和BP。该研究清楚地表明，不同特性（节奏、韵律、音高、调性）的音乐可以改变自由活动大鼠的心血管功能，SHR大鼠比正常血压动物更敏感。然而，这两首音乐特性的相对贡献需要进一步评估。
