Smelcerovic Andrija, Knezevic-Jugovic Zorica, Petronijevic Zivomir
Institute of Environmental Research, Technical University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(29):3168-95. doi: 10.2174/138161208786404254.
The ability to produce polysaccharides is widely found among microbial species. The structural diversity of the microbial polysaccharides (MPS) leads to a wide diversity of their applications. This review focuses pharmacological properties of MPS and their derivatives. They have been reported to possess many biological activities, such as antiviral, antitumor, antimicrobial and anticoagulant activities. So, the MPS of the type beta-1,3-D-glucans, including curdlan and scleroglucan, show antitumor and antiviral activity. A number of biological and synthetic sulfated polysaccharides, including sulfated polysaccharides from marine microalgae, inhibit viral infections. Many of MPS demonstrate a series of attractive properties as carrier materials in drug delivery systems and nonviral gene delivery. Furthermore, MPS have found an application as wound-healing agents, blood plasma expanders and vaccines. Some MPS, like chitin, chitosan and alginate have an unusual combination of biological activities and physicochemical properties leading to the development of novel or improved pharmaceuticals. They have become of a great interest not only as drug and cell carriers but also as new functional materials of high biological activity, and recent progress in MPS chemistry is quite noteworthy. This review also examines the advances in the application of MPS in the field of tissue engineering.
产生多糖的能力在微生物物种中广泛存在。微生物多糖（MPS）的结构多样性导致其应用的广泛多样性。本综述聚焦于MPS及其衍生物的药理特性。据报道，它们具有许多生物活性，如抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗菌和抗凝血活性。因此，β-1,3-D-葡聚糖类型的MPS，包括凝胶多糖和硬葡聚糖，具有抗肿瘤和抗病毒活性。许多生物和合成的硫酸化多糖，包括来自海洋微藻的硫酸化多糖，可抑制病毒感染。许多MPS在药物递送系统和非病毒基因递送中作为载体材料表现出一系列吸引人的特性。此外，MPS已被用作伤口愈合剂、血浆扩容剂和疫苗。一些MPS，如几丁质、壳聚糖和藻酸盐，具有生物活性和物理化学性质的独特组合，从而推动了新型或改良药物的开发。它们不仅作为药物和细胞载体，而且作为具有高生物活性的新型功能材料引起了极大的兴趣，MPS化学的最新进展相当值得关注。本综述还考察了MPS在组织工程领域应用的进展。
