Holt S C, Bramanti T E
Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7894.
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1991;2(2):177-281. doi: 10.1177/10454411910020020301.
The classic progression of the development of periodontitis with its associated formation of an inflammatory lesion is characterized by a highly reproducible microbiological progression of a Gram-positive microbiota to a highly pathogenic Gram-negative one. While this Gram-negative microbiota is estimated to consist of at least 300 different microbial species, it appears to consist of a very limited number of microbial species that are involved in the destruction of periodontal diseases. Among these "putative periodontopathic species" are members of the genera Porphyromonas, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Wolinella, Actinobacillus, Capnocytophaga, and Eikenella. While members of the genera Actinomyces and Streptococcus may not be directly involved in the microbial progression, these species do appear to be essential to the construction of the network of microbial species that comprise both the subgingival plaque matrix. The temporal fluctuation (emergence/disappearance) of members of this microbiota from the developing lesion appears to depend upon the physical interaction of the periodontal pocket inhabitants, as well as the utilization of the metabolic end-products of the respective species intimately involved in the disease progression. A concerted action of the end-products of prokaryotic metabolism and the destruction of host tissues through the action of a large number of excreted proteolytic enzymes from several of these periodontopathogens contribute directly to the periodontal disease process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
牙周炎发展的经典进程及其相关炎症病变的形成，其特征是革兰氏阳性微生物群向高致病性革兰氏阴性微生物群呈现高度可重复的微生物学进展。虽然据估计这种革兰氏阴性微生物群至少由300种不同的微生物组成，但似乎只有极少数微生物参与了牙周疾病的破坏过程。这些“假定的牙周病原菌”包括卟啉单胞菌属、拟杆菌属、梭杆菌属、沃廉菌属、放线杆菌属、二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属和艾肯菌属的成员。虽然放线菌属和链球菌属的成员可能不直接参与微生物进展，但这些物种对于构成包括龈下菌斑基质在内的微生物物种网络似乎至关重要。这种微生物群成员在发展中的病变中的时间波动（出现/消失）似乎取决于牙周袋内微生物的物理相互作用，以及参与疾病进展的各个物种代谢终产物的利用情况。原核生物代谢终产物的协同作用以及几种牙周病原菌大量分泌的蛋白水解酶对宿主组织的破坏直接促成了牙周疾病的进程。（摘要截选于250词）
