马拉松运动员中高血压、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病的患病率较低。
Lower prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes in marathoners.
作者信息
Williams Paul T
机构信息
Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Donner Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Mar;41(3):523-9. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818c1752.
PURPOSE
To test whether the prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes declines with marathon participation independent of annual running mileage.
METHODS
Cross-sectional associations of self-reported medication use in 62,284 male and 45,040 female participants of the National Runners' Health Study adjusted for age, diet, alcohol, and annual distance run.
RESULTS
By self-report, 31.7% of men and 29.1% of women ran 0.2 and 0.8 marathons per year, 8.6% of men and 4.4% of women ran between 1.0 and 1.8 marathons per year, and 3.8% of men and 1.5% of women ran an average of >or=2 marathons per year. The men's odds ratio per marathons per year run was 0.85 for antihypertensive (P < 0.0001), 0.87 for LDL-cholesterol-lowering (P = 0.002), and 0.52 for antidiabetic medication use (P < 0.0001). Compared with nonmarathoners, men who averaged 0.2-0.8 marathons per year had 13% lower odds for antihypertensive medication use, 22% lower odds for LDL-cholesterol-lowering medication use, and 67% lower odds for antidiabetic medication use. Marathon participation was also associated with lower LDL-cholesterol-lowering and antidiabetic medication use in women, but not when adjusted for annual distance run. Each additional hour required to complete their marathon had odds ratio of 1.31 and 1.22 for men's antihypertensive and LDL-cholesterol-lowering medication use and 2.01 for women's antidiabetic medication use (all P < 0.0001). Among all runners (marathoners and nonmarathoners combined), prevalence in the use of all three medications decreased in association with the length of the longest usual run, independent of total annual mileage.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes decreases with the frequency of marathon participation independent of annual running distance. This may be due to the inclusion of longer training runs in preparation for marathons or to genetic or other innate differences between marathon and nonmarathon runners.
目的
测试高血压、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病的患病率是否会随着马拉松参赛次数的增加而下降，且不受年度跑步里程的影响。
方法
对国家跑步者健康研究中62284名男性和45040名女性参与者自我报告的药物使用情况进行横断面关联分析，并对年龄、饮食、饮酒和年度跑步距离进行调整。
结果
自我报告显示，31.7%的男性和29.1%的女性每年跑0.2至0.8次马拉松，8.6%的男性和4.4%的女性每年跑1.0至1.8次马拉松，3.8%的男性和1.5%的女性平均每年跑≥2次马拉松。男性每年每跑一次马拉松，使用抗高血压药物的优势比为0.85（P<0.0001），使用降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇药物的优势比为0.87（P = 0.002），使用抗糖尿病药物的优势比为0.52（P<0.0001）。与非马拉松跑者相比，平均每年跑0.2至0.8次马拉松的男性使用抗高血压药物的优势比低13%，使用降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇药物的优势比低22%，使用抗糖尿病药物的优势比低67%。马拉松参赛在女性中也与降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇药物和抗糖尿病药物的使用有关，但在调整年度跑步距离后则不然。完成马拉松所需的每增加一小时，男性使用抗高血压药物和降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇药物的优势比分别为1.31和1.22，女性使用抗糖尿病药物的优势比为2.01（均P<0.）。在所有跑步者（马拉松跑者和非马拉松跑者合计）中，三种药物的使用患病率均随着最长常规跑步距离的增加而下降，且不受年度总里程的影响。
结论
高血压、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病的患病率随着马拉松参赛频率的增加而下降，且不受年度跑步距离的影响。这可能是由于为准备马拉松而增加了长距离训练，或者是由于马拉松跑者和非马拉松跑者之间的基因或其他内在差异。
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