Burger Jerry M
Deparment of Psychology, Santa Clara University, CA 95053-0001, USA.
Am Psychol. 2009 Jan;64(1):1-11. doi: 10.1037/a0010932.
The author conducted a partial replication of Stanley Milgram's (1963, 1965, 1974) obedience studies that allowed for useful comparisons with the original investigations while protecting the well-being of participants. Seventy adults participated in a replication of Milgram's Experiment 5 up to the point at which they first heard the learner's verbal protest (150 volts). Because 79% of Milgram's participants who went past this point continued to the end of the shock generator's range, reasonable estimates could be made about what the present participants would have done if allowed to continue. Obedience rates in the 2006 replication were only slightly lower than those Milgram found 45 years earlier. Contrary to expectation, participants who saw a confederate refuse the experimenter's instructions obeyed as often as those who saw no model. Men and women did not differ in their rates of obedience, but there was some evidence that individual differences in empathic concern and desire for control affected participants' responses.
作者对斯坦利·米尔格拉姆（1963年、1965年、1974年）的服从性研究进行了部分复制，这样既能与原始研究进行有益的比较，又能保护参与者的福祉。70名成年人参与了米尔格拉姆实验5的复制实验，一直进行到他们第一次听到学习者的口头抗议（150伏）之时。由于在米尔格拉姆的实验中，超过这一点的参与者中有79%继续施加电击直至达到电击发生器的最大电压，因此可以合理估计，如果允许当前的参与者继续实验，他们会怎么做。2006年复制实验中的服从率仅略低于米尔格拉姆在45年前所发现的服从率。与预期相反，看到一名同伙拒绝实验者指令的参与者与未看到榜样的参与者的服从率相同。男性和女性的服从率没有差异，但有一些证据表明，共情关怀和控制欲方面的个体差异会影响参与者的反应。
