Kelly Daryl J, Fuerst Paul A, Ching Wei-Mei, Richards Allen L
Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Mar 15;48 Suppl 3:S203-30. doi: 10.1086/596576.
Orientia tsutsugamushi is the etiological agent of scrub typhus, an acute, mite-borne, febrile illness that occurs in the Asia-Pacific region. Historically, strain characterization used serological analysis and revealed dramatic antigenic diversity. Eyeing a recommendation of potential vaccine candidates for broad protection, we review geographic diversity and serological and DNA prevalences. DNA analysis together with immunological analysis suggest that the prototype Karp strain and closely related strains are the most common throughout the region of endemicity. According to serological analysis, approximately 50% of isolates are seroreactive to Karp antisera, and approximately one-quarter of isolates are seroreactive to antisera against the prototype Gilliam strain. Molecular methods reveal greater diversity. By molecular methods, strains phylogenetically similar to Karp make up approximately 40% of all genotyped isolates, followed by the JG genotype group (Japan strains serotypically similar to the Gilliam strain but genetically non-Gilliam; 18% of all genotyped isolates). Three other genotype groups (Kato-related, Kawasaki-like, and TA763-like) each represent approximately 10% of genotyped isolates. Strains genetically similar to the Gilliam strain make up only 5% of isolates. Strains from these groups should be included in any potential vaccine.
恙虫病东方体是恙虫病的病原体，恙虫病是一种急性、由螨传播的发热性疾病，发生在亚太地区。历史上，菌株鉴定采用血清学分析，显示出显著的抗原多样性。着眼于推荐具有广泛保护作用的潜在疫苗候选株，我们综述了地理多样性以及血清学和DNA流行情况。DNA分析与免疫学分析表明，原型株Karp及其密切相关菌株在整个流行地区最为常见。根据血清学分析，约50%的分离株对Karp抗血清呈血清反应性，约四分之一的分离株对针对原型株Gilliam的抗血清呈血清反应性。分子方法揭示了更大的多样性。通过分子方法，系统发育上与Karp相似的菌株约占所有基因分型分离株的40%，其次是JG基因型组（血清型与Gilliam菌株相似但基因上非Gilliam的日本菌株；占所有基因分型分离株的18%）。其他三个基因型组（Kato相关、川崎样和TA763样）各约占基因分型分离株的10%。基因上与Gilliam菌株相似的菌株仅占分离株的5%。任何潜在疫苗都应包含来自这些组的菌株。
