马氏职业倦怠量表的因子结构：对来自八个国家护士的大规模横断面调查数据的分析
Factor structure of the Maslach burnout inventory: an analysis of data from large scale cross-sectional surveys of nurses from eight countries.
作者信息
Poghosyan Lusine, Aiken Linda H, Sloane Douglas M
机构信息
Bouve' College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and School of Health Professions/Masters of Public Health (MPH), Northeastern University, 103 Robinson Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA.
出版信息
Int J Nurs Stud. 2009 Jul;46(7):894-902. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.03.004. Epub 2009 Apr 10.
BACKGROUND
Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the applicability of the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) in international nursing research.
DESIGN
Secondary analysis of cross-sectional hospital nurse survey data from eight countries.
SETTINGS
Hospitals in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, New Zealand, Japan, Russia and Armenia.
PARTICIPANTS
54,738 direct care professional nurses from 646 hospitals in eight countries.
METHODS
Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were undertaken to identify the factor structure of the MBI. The internal consistencies of the subscales were investigated.
RESULTS
Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors being extracted from the 22-item Maslach burnout inventory. In nearly all countries the two items (6 and 16) related to the "stress" and "strain" involved in working with people loaded on the depersonalization subscale rather than the emotional exhaustion subscale to which they were initially assigned. The three subscales exhibited high reliability with Cronbach alphas exceeding the critical value of 0.70. The correlation coefficients for the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales were strong and positive.
CONCLUSIONS
The 22-item Maslach burnout inventory has a similar factor structure and, with minor modifications, performed similarly across countries. The predictive validity of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales might be improved by moving the two items related to stress and strain from the emotional exhaustion to the depersonalization subscale. Nevertheless, the MBI can be used with confidence as a burnout measure among nurses internationally to determine the effectiveness of burnout reduction measures generated by institutional and national policies.
背景
职业倦怠是护士留职率的重要预测指标。需要可靠且有效的测量方法在国际上监测这一现象。
目的
评估马氏职业倦怠量表（MBI）在国际护理研究中的适用性。
设计
对来自八个国家的医院护士横断面调查数据进行二次分析。
地点
美国、加拿大、英国、德国、新西兰、日本、俄罗斯和亚美尼亚的医院。
参与者
来自八个国家646家医院的54738名直接护理专业护士。
方法
进行验证性和探索性因素分析以确定MBI的因素结构。调查各子量表的内部一致性。
结果
探索性因素分析显示从22项马氏职业倦怠量表中提取出三个因素。在几乎所有国家，与与人共事时的“压力”和“紧张”相关的两个项目（第6项和第16项）加载在去个性化子量表上，而非最初分配的情感耗竭子量表上。三个子量表表现出高信度，克朗巴哈系数超过临界值0.70。情感耗竭和去个性化子量表的相关系数很强且呈正相关。
结论
22项马氏职业倦怠量表具有相似的因素结构，经 minor modifications 后在各国表现相似。将与压力和紧张相关的两个项目从情感耗竭子量表移至去个性化子量表，可能会提高情感耗竭和去个性化子量表的预测效度。尽管如此，MBI可放心地作为国际护士职业倦怠的测量工具，以确定机构和国家政策所产生的倦怠减少措施的有效性。
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