Jeffery Constance J
Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, MC567, University of Illinois, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Mol Biosyst. 2009 Apr;5(4):345-50. doi: 10.1039/b900658n. Epub 2009 Feb 3.
A growing number of diverse proteins are being identified that moonlight. Moonlighting proteins comprise an interesting subset of multifunctional proteins in which the two functions are found in a single polypeptide chain. They do not include proteins that are multifunctional due to gene fusions, families of homologous proteins, splice variants, or promiscuous enzyme activities. This review summarizes recent discoveries that add to the list of known moonlighting proteins. They include several different kinds of proteins and combinations of functions. In one case, a novel DNA binding function was found for a biosynthetic enzyme through a proteomics microarray project. The review also summarizes recent X-ray crystal structures that provide clues to the molecular mechanisms of one or both functions, and in some cases how a protein can switch between functions. In addition, the possibility that many proteins with intrinsically unstructured regions might also moonlight is discussed.
越来越多不同的蛋白质被鉴定为具有兼职功能。兼职蛋白质构成了多功能蛋白质中一个有趣的子集,其中两种功能存在于单一多肽链中。它们不包括由于基因融合、同源蛋白质家族、剪接变体或混杂酶活性而具有多功能的蛋白质。本综述总结了最近的发现,这些发现增加了已知兼职蛋白质的列表。它们包括几种不同类型的蛋白质和功能组合。在一个案例中,通过蛋白质组学微阵列项目发现了一种生物合成酶具有新的DNA结合功能。该综述还总结了最近的X射线晶体结构,这些结构为一种或两种功能的分子机制提供了线索,在某些情况下还揭示了蛋白质如何在不同功能之间切换。此外,还讨论了许多具有内在无序区域的蛋白质也可能具有兼职功能的可能性。